Week 7 - Risk Factors Flashcards
Identify and Describe the 2 types of Risks
Dynamic risk factors:
- amenable to treatment
- Example: substance use; school achievement; pro criminal attitudes
Static risk factors:
- cannot be changed through treatment
- Example: parental abuse/ neglect’ onset of problem behaviour; early age of first conviction
The process of getting rid of trouble makers
- Asking students about incident
- Assessment Tools – grades, attendance, previous discipline, age, plans for employment
- Ask details - (only if students had good grades)
- Punishment
- Type of student bs type of behaviours
Getting rid of troublemakers behaviours
- Most are late, cut class or disrupt the class
- most get suspended for repeat school violations and offensive language
Extrajudicial (Diversionary) Measures (271-280): what they are, why, examples [Stoplift Education]
- young people were kept out of the justice system through the exercise of police or prosecutional discretion
- In place because they want to meet the youths needs (officers get to decide if they are going to take them to court or give them no action)
- example: Quebec passed the youth protection act which combined juvenile delinquency cases and child welfare cases to meet the needs for both
StopLifting - anti-shoplifting program to help youths
Working for Wages
- Has positive benefits
- Negative is the 15 hour threshold
- Wages were minimum wage ($14.60/hr - as of oct 2022 vs $15.50 now)
Characteristics of the 4 levels of gangs
Level 1
- fluid friendship groups
- criminal activity is periodic and unplanned
- No leadership
- No name, signs or symbols
Level 2
- Period of time (1 year or longer)
- Criminal activity is planned or deliberate
- No leadership structure
- May or may not have gang name, signs or symbols
- violence and disputes over reputation/honour
Level 3
- Hierarchial structure with leaders and followers
- criminal activity planned
- control activities in territory
- gang name, signs and symbols
- violence (use of firearms)
- conflict subculture, examples; blood and crips (well known street gangs)
Level 4
- Sophisticated hierarchical structure
- criminal activity planned
- legal and illegal acts
- international business
- violence for strategic purposes
- criminal subculture, example; mafia, drug Cortes, hells angels
Toronto Street Gang Project
- Qualitative interviews
- 83% males
- 63% are single parent families
- 14% grew up in child protection system; 76% Canadian-born
- project done with high school and street youths
Homeless ‘Street’ Youth Importance
- Disproportionate charges and incarceration
- Disproportionate victimization
The Background and Gender of Homeless Stree Youth
- Since the subculture of the `streets’ produces a context whereby the opportunities to
earn money through activities such as drug dealing and prostitution, many youths who are without a stable and reliable food source and lack safe shelter are open to participation in this deviant social network - suggests that young women who are homeless
experience different opportunities and risks as a result of becoming physically and
cognitively displaced into male spaces
What is the connection to peers and delinquency: Boys & Girls
- Boys and girls are differently exposed to criminogenic conditions
- found that their criminal activity and gender effect on crime operate through their types of friends
- females are less likely to have delinquent friends whereas boys are more likely, known as differential exposure
Boys and girls are differently exposed to criminogenic conditions and are differently exposed
What is the family structure typically like for delinquent youth
- Broken home, single parents, and no supervision can lead these kids to act out in a criminal way
- Some factors include parental risk factors, childhood personality disorder, extreme child temperament, childhood maltreatment, and adolescent onset. These factors impact an individual’s vulnerability to subsequent exposure and experience with risk factors in later life stages.
Parenting and Types of Families (4 types)
What are the different types of crime prevention?
Primary Prevention - This focuses on an entire population (neighbourhood, school, youth, or nation)
Secondary Prevention - This focuses specifically on those within a population who are seen to have a problem, for example, substance abuse or living in neighbourhoods with high rates of unemployment
Tertiary Prevention - This focuses on the small number of individuals or populations who already have serious or chronic problems, such as violent offenders or neighbourhoods with high crime rates
What impact does the school have on delinquency?
- Girls are more committed to school than boys
- girls who are committed to school reduces their involvement in property crime
- low levels of school commitment is associated with violent crimes (no difference between genders)
- girls with high victimization and low level of school involvement report more property and violent delinquency
- Low IQ is associated with high levels of delinquency
Health Issues of Homeless Youth
