Week 12 - Corrections

Question 1

Mandatory Probation

Answer 1

Mandatory (Statutory) Conditions
A) Keep the peace
B) Be of good behaviour
C) Appear in court as required
YCJA Conditions
A) Prohibited from possession or purchasing weapons and explosives
B) Conditions necessary to secure youths’ good conduct

Question 2

Additional Conditions - Probation

Answer 2

• Report to a probation officer
• Maintain employment (if relevant)
• Go to school
• Reside at a residence (in court records)
• Report changes in address (to court)
• Remain in the court’s jurisdiction
• Not associate with certain people (co-offenders)
• Avoid certain neighbourhoods (associated w crime)
• Obey a curfew
• Abstain from drugs and alcohol
• Attend a treatment program (if relevant)

Question 3

Section 3 1B

Answer 3

when they figured out that youths cant be put in with adults (need to be separated)

Question 4

Total Institution

Answer 4

• All aspects of life - are carried under the same place
• Practices are regulated by a hierarchy (authority - subjects)
• Loss of autonomy (activities are structured)
• Suit rational goal toward transforming self (individual) to fit needs of institution (inmate, psychiatric patient)
• Private system (rules and rewards)
• Identity (stripped; homogeneity - uniforms)
• Subculture - Argot system (language system)

Question 5

Correctional Issues: Aboriginal Young Offenders

Answer 5

• Systemic Racism
• Effects of colonialism (subjected to EuroCanadian legal system - ignored cultural differences
• Creates social problems - Addictions, suicide, poverty
• Cross-over kids - Blen/blur of child welfare and youth criminal justice

Question 6

Correctional Issues: Girls and corrections

Answer 6

• Overuse in custody (failure to comply)
• Indigenous, Black girls and other girls of colour (disproportionate use)
• Inadequate programs and facilities
• Paternalism to “protect” girls
• Sentencing with “best interests” (throwback to the JDA)

Question 7

What works “doesn’t work”

Answer 7

In this “What Works,” evidence-based model, correlates of delinquency are seen as criminological needs and they are largely accepted as being the same for all youth regardless of race/ethnicity, culture, class, or gender. In other words, these needs are seen to vary at the individual level only, not at the group level.

Question 8

Peacemaking circles

Answer 8

The peacemaking circle is a process that brings together individuals who wish to engage in conflict resolution, healing, support, decision making or other activities in which honest communications, relationship development, and community building are core desired outcomes.

Question 9

New Issues

Answer 9

Age and adult accountability
- youth held in adult institutions in some cases
Pretrial detention:
- increasing with YCJA (esp. with indigenous youth)
Release conditions:
- criminalize more youth (because the conditions are too restrictive for teens to live up to)
Parental rights/supports
- does not adequately support parents (parents are trying to be effective)
Cross-over kids:
- start in welfare system or foster care (under age 12) who become involved in CJS; from one state program to CJS