Week 7 Nonverbal Comm. Flashcards
CHARACTERISTICS OF NONVERBAL
COMMUNICATION
• Nonverbal communication
• Nonverbal communication- messages expressed by other than linguistic means.
• Nonverbal communication plays a vital role in human interaction
Non- verbal
NONVERBAL SKILLS DEFINED
• Includes messages transmitted by vocal cues that don’t involve language such as signs, laughs, and other assorted noises as well as the non-linguistic dimensions of the spoken word such as volume, rate, pitch, and so on.
• Your paralanguage, gender and, the rate and speed of your voice are related to nonverbal communication.
• The language you speak (verbalize) - is not.
• Most communication scholars wouldn’t define sign , languages as nonverbal, however, because they are symbolic in nature, like words.
Verbal
Non verbal
Decoding
communication.
• Nonverbal encoding and decoding skills are a strong predictor of popularity, attractiveness, an socio-emotional well- being.
- Decoding: The ability to ‘read’ nonverbal messages
• Good nonverbal communicators are more persuasive and have greater success in setting ranging from careers to playing poker to romance.
Emotional intelligence-
Emotional intelligence- the ability to understand and manage one’s own emotions and be sensitive to other’s feelings.
Researchers recognize that it’s impossible to study spoken language without paying attention to its nonverbal dimensions.
CHARACTERISTICS OF NONVERBAL
COMMUNICATION
ALL BEHAVIOUR HAS COMMUNICATION VALUE
• No matter what we do, we give off information about ourselves through our posture, clothing, facial expressions, eyes, etc.
Who you are speaks so loudly I can’t hear what you’re saying.
Ralph Waldo Emerson
• 1. Repeating.
CHARACTERISTICS OF NONVERBAL
COMMUNICATION
NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION SERVES MANY FUNCTIONS
• 1. Repeating. Nonverbal behaviours that duplicate the content of a verbal message.
• Not used as a way of listening to help.
• People remember comments accompanied by gestures more than those made with words alone.
- For example: Giving verbal directions to a location and at the same time pointing with a finger to the
area
- Complementing
• 2. Complementing. Nonverbal behaviour that reinforces a verbal message.
• Complementing nonverbal behaviours match th thoughts and emotions that the communicator expressing verbally.
• Verbal and nonverbal messages match
- For example, imagine the difference between sayin
“thank you” with a sincere facial expression and tor of voice, and saying the same words in a deadpan manner and with a monotone voice.
3.Substituting
• 3. Substituting. Nonverbal behaviour that takes the place of a verbal message.
• Nonverbal substituting is sometimes used when communicators are reluctant to express their feelings- instead they sigh, roll their eyes, or yawn.
4.Accenting
• 4. Accenting. Nonverbal behaviours that emphasize part of a verbal message.
• Just as we use italics to emphasize an idea in print, so do we use nonverbal devices to emphasize oral messages
• For example: pointing an accusing finger adds emphasis to criticism; emphasizing certain words with the voice “ It was your idea”) or adding a bit of sarcasm. ( “NO” or “No????”)
- Regulating
• 5. Regulating. A function of nonverbal communication in which nonverbal cues control the flow of verbal communication between and among individuals.
• Conversations are regulated by nodding (“| understand” or “keep going”) looking away (lack of attention), or moving toward the door (ending the conversation).
• Of course, such nonverbal signals don’t guarantee that the other party will pay attention, interpret, or respond in the ways we hope.
• 6. Contradicting.
• 6. Contradicting. Nonverbal behaviour that is inconsistent with a verbal message.
• People often simultaneously express different and even contradicting messages in their verbal and nonverbal messages.
- we tend to believe the nonverbal message instead of the words.
- Example: Mixed Messages
have great news to share.
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- Mixed messages
• 7. Mixed messages. Situations in which a person’s words are incongruent with his or her nonverbal behaviour.
- Example: Being visible upset when asked if you are upset and you respond, ‘no, I am fine!
Leakage
• When message senders are telling lies, their nonverba behaviour sometimes gives them away.
• This is known as leakage and it can come through a number of nonverbal channels.
• Leakage. Nonverbal behaviours that reveal informatio a communicator does not disclose verbally.
Deception cues
• Deception cues. Nonverbal behaviours that signal the untruthfulness of a verbal message.
INFLUENCES OF NONVERBAL
Communication
INFLUENCES OF NONVERBAL
COMMUNICATION
• The way we communicate nonverbally is influenced to a certain degree by how we are socialized in terms of gender and culture.
INFLUENCES OF NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
GENDER
INFLUENCES OF NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
CULTURE
• Cultures have different nonverbal languages as well as verbal ones.
- For example, a legendary mayor of New York was fluent in English, Italian, and Yiddish. Researchers who watched his campaign speeches with the sound turn off found that they could tell which language he was speaking by the nonverbal cues he used
• However, some nonverbal behaviours are universal.
• Smiles and laughter are signals of positive emotions, while sour expressions convey displeasure in every culture.
Kinesics
• The first type of nonverbal communication to be discussed is kinesics: the study of body position and motion.
- This includes body orientation, posture, gestures, facial expressions, and eye movements.
TYPES OF NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION BODY MOVEMENT - Body Orientation
• Body Orientation: the degree to which we face toward or away from someone with our body, feet, and head.
- facing someone directly = interest/ facing away = a
desire to avoid involvement.
- For example: When you are being questioned and you position your body away from the person and avoid involvement in the questioning by the way you have positioned your body.
TYPES OF NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
BODY MOVEMENT - Posture
• Posture: the way people carry themselves.
• It might be the least ambiguous type of nonverbal behaviour.
• Tension and relaxation also offer clues about feelings. We assume relaxed postures in nonthreatening situations and tighten up in threatening situations.
• The lower- status person is generally the more rigid, tense appearing one, whereas the higher-status one is more relaxed.
TYPES OF NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
BODY MOVEMENT - Gestures
• Gestures: motions of the body, usually hands or arms, that have communicative value.
• Some social scientists claim that a language of gestures was the first form of human communication, preceding speech by tens of thousands of years.
• The most common forms of gestures are called illustrators: movements that accompany speech but don’t stand on their own, (e.g.: when giving directions verbally with nonverbal gestures/ Remove the words from your directions and it’s unlikely that the person would find the location.).
- Think also of people who like to “talk with their hands” even when they’re on the phone and can’t be seen by the other party. We tend to use illustrators more often when we are emotionally aroused -trying to explain difficult ideas when we’re furious, horrified, agitated, distressed, or excited.
TYPES OF NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
BODY MOVEMENT - Gestures
• A second type of gestures is emblems
• Emblems: deliberate nonverbal behaviours that have a precise meaning, known to virtually everyone within a cultural group.
• Unlike illustrators, emblems can stand on their own and often function as replacements for words.
- Examples:
• We all know that a head nod means yes, a head shake means no, a wave means hello or goodbye, and a hand to the ear means “I can’t hear you.”
• While the thumbs up sign means “good” to us, it is considered an obscene gesture in Iraq and several other countries
