week 7 - intelligence Flashcards
What did Galton (1869) do?
Was the first person to link theory and measurement of intelligence. Proposed that humans differ in intelligence largely due to inheriting superior genes. Intelligent people are able to respond to high volumes of sensory information and people of low intelligence may have issues identifying hot, cold and pain.
Explain Galton (1869)’s direct measure of intelligence.
Intelligence involves responses to sensory information, involved the study of reaction time, correlated RT with education and occupancy but results were inconclusive.
Explain Binet and the first intelligence test.
Worked with the french government to provide techniques to identify children with developmental delays and learning difficulties. These children were then able to benefit from special ed programs, believed education was modifiable. Binet-Simon test of 1905 used everyday tasks with increasing levels of difficulty to identify intelligence.
How were results of the Binet-Simon test (1905) measured?
Using mental age (MA), broke the ability to do different tasks into age groups and children were assigned mental ages based on which tasks they could accomplish. I.e three years - repeat 2 digit numbers, five years - count four pennies. Based on the norms of similarly aged children, remnants of this seen today (reading age).
Explain the key points of the Stanford-Binet test (SB1).
adapted some items from the Binet-Simon test and added 40, applicable for children aged 4-14, used data from 1000+ children.
Explain intelligence Quota (IQ) (Stern, 1912).
The main issue with tests at the time was lacking a standardised way of comparing MA across ag groups/overtime. IQ compared an individual’s mental age to their physical age.
Explain Spearman general intelligence.
analysed the relationship between different intelligence tests. Used factor analysis and found a positive correlation.
What is the two factor theory of 1927?
The first factor was general ability, second factor was specific abilities.
Explain Raven’s progressive matrices (1938).
Based on Spearman’s conceptualisation of general intelligence, Abstract ability.
Lack of tests for adults and general population, featured non-verbal problems, not dependent on language, reading or writing abilities, Score conversion to percentiles
Explain Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-IV).
Includes three levels of hierarchy. Involved verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning index, working memory index and processing speed index.
What is face validity?
Does it appear to be a good measure?
what is content validity (in regards to IQ)?
do intelligence tests measure intelligence?
what is convergent validity?
agreement between similar measure.
What is concurrent validity?
agreement between two measures of the same latent construct.
What is predictive validity (in terms of IQ)?
IQ at Grade 7 predicts academic achievement in Grade 10.
