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PMP101 > Week 7 human body systems - tissues and homeostasis > Flashcards

Week 7 human body systems - tissues and homeostasis Flashcards

1
Q

Main types of tissue

A

-Connective tissue
-Epithelial tissue
-Muscle tissue
-Neural tissue

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2
Q

Connective tissue

A

Binds cell and organs: protects
support and integration

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3
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Covers exterior, lines internal
cavities & some glands

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4
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Excitable, contracts: skeletal
(voluntary), smooth, cardiac

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5
Q

Neural tissue

A

Excitable: allows propagation of
nerve impulses that communicate between different parts of body

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6
Q

Tissue support

A

-Extracellular Matrix (matrix)
-Cell Junctions: hold cells together

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7
Q

Extracellular matrix

A

-Material synthesized and secreted by the cells of a tissue
-Proteoglycans (glycoproteins) and insoluble protein fibre (collagen, fibronectin, laminin)
-Very abundant in connective tissue

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8
Q

Cell Junctions

A

-Cell adhesion
molecules (CAMs)
membrane-spanning
proteins
-Cell junctions
-Gap/Communicating
-Tight

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9
Q

Connective tissue

A

Support / protect/ connect
Cells dispersed in matrix (proteoglycans & insoluble proteins)
May be watery or mineralised

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10
Q

True connective tissues

A

-Loose connective
tissue
-Dense connective
tissue

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11
Q

Loose connective tissue

A

-Adipose (fat)
-Reticular (soft organs)

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12
Q

Dense connective tissue

A

Regular:
-Tendon (muscle to
bone)
-Ligament (bone to
bone)
Irregular:
-Dermis

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13
Q

Supportive connective
tissue

A

-Cartilage
-Bone

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14
Q

Cartilage

A

-Hyaline
-Elastic
-Fibrocartilage

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15
Q

Fluid connective
tissue

A

-Blood
-Lymph

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16
Q

Epithelia

A

Protect/Regulate exchange
-One or more layers of cells
-Base: thin layer of matrix (basal lamina/membrane )

17
Q

Epithelia Functions - Exchange

A

Simple, thin flattened cells (squamous),
gaps/pores
- e.g., rapid gas exchange
- Blood vessels (also called
endothelium) / lung

18
Q

Epithelia Functions - Transporting

A

Simple, cuboidal or columnar
-Allow specific molecules to
be transported across them

19
Q

Epithelia Functions - Cilated

A

Sweep fluids across surface
-Line respiratory trace/ female reproductive

20
Q

Epithelia Functions - Protective

A

Prevent exchange
-Stacked layers of cells
-e.g., epidermis (skin)

21
Q

Homeostasis

A

Physiologically, keeping the body’s environment in a state of
equilibrium within “normal limits”

22
Q

Control of homeostasis

A

-Physiological response
-Reverses a change in a
controlled condition

23
Q

Negative feedback loop

A

Negative feedback brings a system back to its level of normal functioning
Regulated variables maintained within their acceptable (normal) range by physiological control mechanisms kick in if the variable moves too far from
its set point, or optimum value

24
Q

Regulation

A

Oscillations around a set point
Detectors have a threshold
-Minimal stimulus to set response in motion
Control: short distance or long
distance

25
Q

Control systems - long distance

A

Input signal (stimulus) -> Intergrating system -> Output signal -> response

26
Q

Intergration centres

A

Brain: Key
-Negative feedback: the response reduces the intensity of the stimulus the system is operating
-Positive feedback: the response enhances or intensifies the stimulus
-Examples of integrators: include the hypothalamus and the
pituitary (regions of the brain)

27
Q

Long distance control - negative feedback

A

1) Stimulus - produces a change in variable
2) Receptor - detects change
3) Input - information sent along afferent pathway to control centre
4) Output - information sent along efferent pathway to effector
5) Response - effector feeds back to reduce the effect of stimulus and returns variable to homeostatic level

28
Q

Afferent

A

Towards a centre

29
Q

Efferent

A

Away from a centre

30
Q

Circadian rhythms

A

Body temp set point changes throughout day (oscillations around set point occur)

31
Q

Positive feedback loop

A

Not homeostasis
Positive feedback enhances or accelerates output created by an activated stimulus
-Strengthens or reinforces a change in a controlled condition
-Physiological response of effector reinforces the initial change
-Continues until interrupted by a
mechanism external to the loop
Outside factor required is to shut off positive feedback cycle

32
Q

Reflex control

A

Reflex control consists of a
stimulus, an integrating centre
and a response

PMP101 (21 decks)

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