Week 7: HR, Theories of Motivation, Leadership Flashcards
1
Q
It is the phase of management concerned with the engagement and effective utilization of manpower to obtain optimum efficiency of human resources.
A
Personnel Management
2
Q
It consists of a series of activities intended to carry out the personnel policies of the laboratory for the purpose of realizing the objectives of the organization.
A
Personnel Management
3
Q
Personnel Management is also known as?
A
Personnel Administration
4
Q
Activities of Personnel Management?
A
- Employment
- Safety
- Employee Relations
- Employee Research and Standards
- Employee Services
5
Q
Aspects/components of Employment?
A
- recruitment - seen in ads, job-hiring websites
- interviewing - by H.R. first, then chief medtech
- testing - written exams/assessment/psychological test
- induction - person will be introduced to the workplace
- placement
- transfer
- merit - salary, bonus, 13th month, etc.
- rating - performance rating of employee
- promotion - performance evaluation, tenure, seniority
- training - trainings offered for renewal of license (CPD units)
- counseling - based on performance; if there are problems in work ethics
- separation of employees - firing/removal/resignation/non-renewal/retirement/death/permanent incapacity
6
Q
Aspects/components of Safety?
A
- provisions for safety standard
- mechanical safeguards such as machines
- accident investigation
- safety rules
- safety records and statistics
7
Q
Aspects/components of Employee Relation?
A
- collective bargaining - for the H.R. dept.; salary increase, HMOs, etc.
- wage and salary administration
- grievance system - for processing whether to suspend
- medical and dental services
- labor-management relations
- morale studies - psychological tests
8
Q
Aspects/components of Employee Research and Standards?
A
- job analysis
- job description
- job evaluation
- job grading wage analysis
- organization planning
- employee manuals
9
Q
Aspects/components of Employee Services?
A
- recreational plans
- insurance plans
- profit sharing plans
- miscellaneous services - HMO, free transportation, free lunch, etc.
10
Q
It is the statement of intention that commits the laboratory manager to a general course of action in order to accomplish a specific purpose.
A
Personnel Policy
11
Q
It is necessary in an organization because management cannot deal with each employee solely as an individual.
A
Personnel Policy
12
Q
Personnel Policy consists of 10 areas?
A
- Recruitment, selection and planning
- Employee induction and training
- Employee rating and promotion
- Transfer, downgrading (demotion) and lay-off
- Disciplining and Discharge
- Salary and wage administration
- Changes in work assignments and hours
- Services for employees
- Employee’s health and safety
- Employees’ participation and work problem
13
Q
Sources of Labor?
A
- Internal Sources
- External Sources
14
Q
Are the employees actively working in the laboratory. Example: Promotion
A
Internal Sources
15
Q
Include persons who apply in person, who answer advertisements and who are recommended by schools.
A
External Sources
16
Q
It is a general term applying to drives, desires, needs, and wishes of an individual in order to perform.
A
Motivation
17
Q
8 Theories of Motivation?
A
- Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory
- Maslow’s Theory
- McGregor’s Theory
- McClelland’s Achievement Model
- Aldefer’s ERG Theory
- Vroom’s Expectancy Theory
- Adam’s Equity Theory
- Skinner’s Reinforcement Theory
18
Q
Herzberg’ Motivation-Hygiene Theory consists of?
A
- Extrinsic Factors/Hygiene Factors/Maintenance Factors
- Intrinsic or Motivation Factors
19
Q
Extrinsic Factors or Hygiene Factors of Herzberg’ Motivation-Hygiene Theory?
A
- Pay or Salary increases
- Technical supervision or having a competent superior
- The human relations
- Organization Policy and Administration
- Working Condition or Physical Surrounding
- Job Security
20
Q
Intrinsic or Motivation Factors of Herzberg’ Motivation-Hygiene Theory?
A
- Achievement completing important task successfully
- Recognition (being single out or praise)
- Responsibility for one’s own or other’s work
- Advancement (changing status through promotion)
21
Q
Person behind Maslow’s Theory?
A
Dr. Abraham M. Maslow
22
Q
He postulated five basic need which are organized into successive levels.
A
Dr. Abraham M. Maslow
23
Q
What theory states that unfulfilled needs drive a person to work.
A
Maslow’s Theory
24
Q
5 basic needs included in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?
A
- Physiological needs (lowest, red)
- Safety needs
- Love & Belongingness
- Esteem needs
- Need for self-actualization (highest, blue)
25
Maslow's hierarchy of needs: Examples of Physiological needs?
* air
* water
* food
* shelter
* sleep
* clothing
* reproduction
26
Maslow's hierarchy of needs: Examples of Safety needs?
* personal security
* employment
* resources
* health
* property
27
Maslow's hierarchy of needs: Examples of Love & Belongingness?
* friendship
* intimacy
* family
* sense of connection
28
Maslow's hierarchy of needs: Examples of Esteem needs?
* respect
* self-esteem
* status
* recognition
* strength
* freedom
29
Maslow's hierarchy of needs: Self-actualization means?
desire to become the most that one can be; self-fulfillment
30
McGregors’s Theory consists of?
Theory X and Theory Y
31
McGregors’s Theory - People hate to work; that they need to be driven.
Theory X
32
McGregors’s Theory - Threatened or punished to achieved organizational goals.
Theory X
33
McGregors’s Theory - They lack ambition and want only security.
Theory X
34
McGregors’s Theory - People don’t have to be forced or threatened to work.
Theory Y
35
McGregors’s Theory - Work is considered as natural as rest or play.
Theory Y
36
McGregors’s Theory - They will commit themselves to the external organization.
Theory Y
37
McGregors’s Theory - People want responsibility.
Theory Y
38
This theory ties the strength of behavioral motives to the individual’s assessment of the likelihood of achieving a specific goal.
McClelland’s Achievement Model
39
McClelland’s Achievement Model needs the ff. work-related needs?
* Achievement needs: job and career success (lowest)
* Affiliation needs: warm, friendly relationships
* Power needs: control and influence (highest)
40
McClelland’s Achievement Model: Examples of need for power?
* Wants to control and influence others
* Likes to win agreements
* Enjoys competition and winning
* Enjoys status and recognition
41
McClelland’s Achievement Model: Examples of need for affiliation?
* Wants to belong to the group
* Wants to be liked and will go along with whatever the rest of the group wants to do
* Prefers collaboration over competition
* Doesn't like high risk or uncertainty
42
McClelland’s Achievement Model: Examples of need for achievements?
* Sets and accomplishes challenges, risks
* Takes calculated risks
* Likes to receive regular feedback in their progress and achievements
* Likes to work alone
43
Aldefer’s ERG Theory: E stands for?
Existence needs
44
Aldefer’s ERG Theory: Examples of Existence needs?
physiologic needs
45
Aldefer’s ERG Theory: R stands for?
Relatedness needs
46
Aldefer’s ERG Theory: Examples of Relatedness needs?
* interpersonal relationship
* acceptance and belonging
47
Aldefer’s ERG Theory: G stands for?
Growth needs
48
Aldefer’s ERG Theory: Examples of Growth needs?
* creativity challenge
* personal growth on the job
49
This motivation theory holds that: “Effort will bring rewards”.
Vroom’s Expectancy Theory
50
Vroom’s Expectancy Theory holds that?
“Effort will bring rewards”
51
In Vroom’s Expectancy Theory, variables influence the selection decision, such as?
* Expectancy
* Outcome
* Instrumentality
* Valence
* Choices
52
Vroom’s Expectancy Theory: the belief that effort bring performance and performance leads to rewards.
Expectancy
53
Vroom’s Expectancy Theory: the perceived expectancy that the outcome from the effort (reward) will actually be realized.
Outcome
54
Vroom’s Expectancy Theory: the degree of faith.
Instrumentality
55
Vroom’s Expectancy Theory: the value placed on the available reward.
Valence
56
Vroom’s Expectancy Theory: a quantified model called VIE equation.
Choices
57
This theory holds that they perceived in their work situation, especially compared with people in similar positions.
Adam’s Equity Theory
58
Key concepts of Adam’s Equity Theory include?
comparison and perception
59
Skinner’s Reinforcement Theory: B. F. Skinner’s theory of motivation is based on the observation that we?
tend to behave to the way we are treated
60
This theory of motivation is based on the observation that we tend to behave to the way we are treated.
Skinner’s Reinforcement Theory
61
Components of Skinner’s Reinforcement Theory?
* Law of Effect
* Stimulus
* Response
* Reinforcement
* Behavior motivation
62
Skinner’s Reinforcement Theory: proposed by E.L. Thorndike which states that we act in response to expected consequences.
Law of Effect
63
Skinner’s Reinforcement Theory: an event that leads or influences to a response.
Stimulus
64
Skinner’s Reinforcement Theory: behavior that results from a stimulus.
Response
65
Skinner’s Reinforcement Theory: consequence of an action or response.
Reinforcement
66
Skinner’s Reinforcement Theory: the application of practice of reinforcement.
Behavior motivation
67
Skinner’s Reinforcement Theory is based on 4 factors?
1. Positive Reinforcement - rewards
2. Negative Reinforcement - removal of stimulus
3. Positive Punishment - adding a stimulus
4. Negative Punishment - removing stimulus
68
Organizational factors that influence leadership success?
1. Internal Factors
2. External Factors
69
Internal Factors that influence leadership success include?
* Leadership
* Employees
70
External Factors that influence leadership success include?
* Customers/Clients
* Economy
71
It is comprised of behaviors, values, and beliefs.
Organizational Culture
72
Organizational Culture is comprised of?
behaviors, values, and beliefs
73
The behavior of employees is evident through observation.
Organizational Culture
74
Factors such as work areas, tools that employees need to perform their job functions, and tasks and responsibilities that supervisors assign to employees affect employee behavior.
Organizational Culture
75
4 Leadership Models?
* Exploitative & Authoritative
* Benevolent & Authoritative
* Consultative
* Participative
76
Views the workers as tools and means of production without no further obligation to them.
Exploitative & Authoritative
77
Treats employees as robots.
Exploitative & Authoritative
78
A know-how feeling for the best for the employees and need only inform and direct their actions without seeking any feedback.
Benevolent & Authoritative
79
Though the opinions and advice of the staff are useful, the decisions remain exclusively to the manager.
Consultative
80
There is already a decision made, you will just consult your staff.
Consultative
81
The input and responsibility for decision making process are laced directly on the staff with only general guidance and oversight from the management. This involves the “Team Approach.”
Participative
82
4 Principles of Leadership?
* Employee Oriented
* Product Oriented
* Structure Style
* Consideration Style
