Week 7 - hendrix book ch 12 & 13 key terms Flashcards
Arthropod?
jointed foot
Chitin?
Hard but elastic body covering that evelopes the entire body of arthropods
Hemolymph?
a blood-like fluid that baths the internal organs of an arthropod
Mandibulata?
crustaceans, centipedes, millipedes and insects - Most important to vet parasitology
Chelicerata?
mites, ticks, spiders and scorpions - Most important to vet parasitology
Crustaceans?
Auatic arthropods - serve as intermediate hosts for helminths parasites, including flukes, tapeworms and roundworms, also serve as causal agents as ectoparasites of many fish, amphibians, and exotic reptiles
Myriopodans?
centipedes and millipedes - produce venoms and toxic substances (sting, blind and paralyze or even kill)
Insects?
largest number of members – most diverse group – important:
- may serve as causal agents
- may produce venoms or toxic substances, - - may serve as intermediate hosts for protozoan and helminthes parasites
- may serve as vectors for bacteria, viruses, spirochetes, rickettsiae, chlamydial agents and other pathogens.
- have 3 pairs of segmented legs (3 body sections – head, thorax, abdomen)
Insects Head?
found at the anterior end (front end) - contains the brain, antennae and ventrally directed mouthparts and eyes
Insects Thorax?
middle body section
- has 3 pairs of legs
- may have two pairs of wings (many are wingless - fleas, lice)
Insects Abdomen?
found at the posterior end (hind section)
- contains the reproductive organs (often)
Insect Simple Metamorphosis?
consists of 3 developmental stages (egg, nymphal and adult)
Pupa?
wormlike - resting stage
One of the Insecta orders, Dictyopterans means?
– cockroaches and grasshoppers
One of the Insecta orders, Coleopterans means?
- beetles
One of the Insecta orders, Hemipterans means?
– true bugs
One of the Insecta orders, Hymenopterans means?
– ant, bees, wasps, yellow jackets, and other stinging insects
One of the Insecta orders, Anoplurans means?
– sucking lice
One of the Insecta orders, Mallophagans means?
– chewing lice
One of the Insecta orders, Dipterans means?
– two-winged flies
One of the Insecta orders, Siphonapterans means?
- fleas
Chelicerates means?
– mites, ticks, spiders, and scorpions
Acarines means?
– mites and ticks (not insects) – lack antennae, wings and compound eyes
Acariasis? – infestation with mites or ticks
– infestation with mites or ticks
Capitulum?
– mouthparts or a fusion of the head and thorax of mites and ticks – two functions of mouthparts – sucking blood or tissue fluids or attaching or holding onto the host
Idiosoma?
– abdomen or mites and ticks
Dictyoptera?
Cockroaches
Coleoptera?
beetles - blister beetles
Lepidoptera?
Butterflies and moths
Hymenoptera?
Ants, bees, wasps
Hemiptera?
true bugs
Hemiptera - Cimex Lectularius?
bed bug
Mallophaga?
Chewing or biting lice
Dioecious?
Having separate sexes – both male and female
Complex metamorphosis?
Egg, larva, pupa, and adult
Egg, larva, nymph, adult?
Developmental stages in the life cycle of a mite or tick
Importance of arthropods?
Causal agents, venom producers, intermediate hosts, vectors
Reproductive potential for arthropods?
Tremendous
Hemolymph
The “bloodlike” of most arthropods
Arthropodology?
the study of arthropods
A developmental stage in a lifecycle of anoplurans and mallophagans?
Egg stage – also called a nit
Nit? oval and white and are usually found cemented to the hair or feather shaft
oval and white and are usually found cemented to the hair or feather shaft
Nymph? – a developmental stage in a lifecycle of anoplurans and mallophagans (similar in appearance to the adult louse) – the nymph is smaller and lacks functioning reproductive organs and genital openings
a developmental stage in a lifecycle of anoplurans and mallophagans (similar in appearance to the adult louse) – the nymph is smaller and lacks functioning reproductive organs and genital openings
Adult stage?
a developmental stage in a lifecycle of anoplurans and mallophagans similar in appearance to the nymphal stage except that it is larger and has functional reproductive organs
Pediculosis?
infestation by lice (either mallophagan or anopluran)
Diptera?
a very large, complex order of insects (have one pair of wings – two wings)
Periodic parasite?
A parasite that makes frequent visits to a host to obtain nourishment
Buffalo gnat?
black flies, vary from gray to yellow, have a hump over their head, giving the appearance of a buffalo’s hump
New World sand flies?
members of the genus Lutzomyia – mothlike flies, head, thorax, and abdomen is hirsute (covered with fine hairs)
Queensland itch, sweat itch, sweet itch, summer dermatitis?
a condition caused from the Culicoides species (tiny gnats) – causes scratching and rubbing
Biting house fly or stable fly?
Stomoxys calcitrans
Horn fly?
Haematobia irritans
Sheep ked?
Melophagus ovinus – are wingless dipterans, a hairy and leathery appearance
Hippoboscid fly?
closely related to sheep keds – parasitize wild birds and are blood-feeding dipterans (Lynchia and Pseudolynchia species)
Face fly?
Musca autumnalis – gather around the eyes and muzzle of livestock – may be vectors in the transmission of Moraxella bovis (pinkeye)
Myiasis?
infection or infestation of the tissues or organs of humans or domesticated or wild animals by larval members (maggots)
Facultative myiasis?
the normally free-living larvae adapt themselves to a parasitic dependence on a host
Obligatory myiasis?
the fly larvae are completely parasitic; that is, they are dependent on the host during development through the life cycle
Spiracular plate?
– on the posterior end of the fly maggot (each species has its own distinctive spiracular plate)
Screwworm fly?
Cochliomyia hominivorax – a primary invader of fresh, uncontaminated skin wounds of domestic animals – usually attacking livestock in the southwestern and southern U.S.
Reportable parasite?
Cochliomyia hominivorax - screwworm fly
Reportable parasite?
when a parasite has been eradicated from a geological area, if seen must be reported to both state and federal authorities
Wolves, warbles?
Cuterebra species – infest the skin of rabbits, squirrels, mice, rats, chipmunks, and occasionally dogs and cats – adult flies look like bumblebees
Ox warbles, cattle grubs?
Hypoderma species – laval species that infect cattle
Gadding?
running away to avoid the pesky fly Hypoderma lineatum
Horse bots or stomach bots?
Gasterophilus species have three developmental stages that may be associated with pathology in the horse (a bot knife can be used to remove eggs from the leg of the horse before it infects the horse)
Nasal bots or nasal bot flies?
Oestrus ovis – produce a respiratory myiasis (infection or infestation) in sheep
Siphonapterans?
- fleas
Siphonapterosis?
– infestation with fleas
Flea dirt or flea frass?
partially digested blood defecated from adult fleas
Acariasis?
infestation with mites or ticks
Pedicels or stalks?
what Sarcoptiform mites legs have this – they can be long or short. If long it can be straight (unjointed) or jointed).
Suckers on pedicels?
– located at the tip of the pedicel
Sarcoptidae family?
Sarcoptiform mites that burrow or tunnel within the epidermis
Psoroptidae family?
Sarcoptiform mites that reside on the surface of the skin or within the external ear canal
Scabies?
the disease caused by Sarcoptes scabei (this species affect only dogs)- extremely puritic
Scaly leg?
The species Cnemidocoptes mutans produces this condition in chickens, turkeys, and wild birds.
Foot and tail mites?
found on the skin surface – predilection sites are the lower part of the hind legs but they may spread to flank and shoulder areas – Chorioptes species
Demodicosis?
the clinical disease that the mites cause – Deomodex species – residing in the hair follicles and sebaceous glands of humans and most domesticated animals
Localized demodicosis?
the predominant sign is a patchy alopecia (baldness) especially of the muzzle, face, and forelimbs (thought to occur when dam has close contact with puppy -nursing
Generalized demodicosis?
characterized by diffuse alopecia, erythema (superficial reddening of the skin, usually in patches), and secondary bacterial contamination over the entire body surface of the dog. Can also infect internal organs.
Northern poultry mites?
feed intermittently on birds, producing irritation, weight loss, decreased egg production, anemia, and even death. Also known to bite humans. The adult is the only lifestage that feeds on the host.
Red mites of poultry?
has a distinct red color when it has recently fed on its host’s blood
Tropical rat mite?
Ornithonyssus (Liponyssus) bacoti – bloodsucking mite can cause severe problems in rats and mice and can also infect hamsters and guinea pigs
Walking dandruff?
resemble large, moving flakes of dandruff) - mites of the genus Cheyletiella are surface-dwelling (nonburrowing) mites that reside in the keratin layer of the skin and in the hair coat of various definitive hosts, which may be dogs, cats, or rabbits
Empodia?
the second pair of legs of Myobia musculi, and Radfordia affinis (rodent mites) with clawlike features
Palps?
appendages found near the mouth in invertebrate organisms used for sensation, locomotion and/or feeding
Chelicerae?
two cutting or lacerating organs of the capitulum (mouthparts of an acarine (mite or tick)
Hypostome?
a penetrating, anchorlike sucking organ
Pedipalps?
two leglike accessory appendages that act as sensors or supports when the tick fastens to the host’s body
Scutum?
– a hard chitinous plate
Inornate tick?
– solid-colored (reddish or mahogany) background of the scutum
Ornate tick?
- species of ticks with distinctive white patterns on the dark reddish or mahogany background of the scutum
Borreliosis ?
– Lyme disease
Tick paralysis ?
– paralysis seen in animals and humans caused by the toxic saliva in some ticks
Argasid or soft tick?
– a family of ticks with soft bodies
Ixodid or hard ticks?
– tick family with hard bodies
Seed ticks?
– six-legged larvae stage of tick lifecycle
Spinose ear tick?
– Otobius megnini – an unusual soft tick in that only the larval and nymphal stages are parasitic
Fowl tick?
– Argas persicus – a soft tick of chickens, turkeys, and wild birds. These ticks are periodic parasites
Brown dog tick?
– Rhipicephalus sanguineus – an unusual hard tick in that it invades both kennel and household environments – feeds almost exclusively on dogs
American dog tick or wood tick?
– Dermacentor variabilis – can transmit Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, tularemia, and other microbes – a source for tick paralysis
Lone star tick?
– Amblyomma americanum – a white spot on the apex of its scutum – more conspicuous on the male than the female
Gulf coast tick?
– Amblyomma maculatum – found in the ears of cattle, horses, sheep, dogs, and humans
Texas cattle fever tick or North American tick?
– Boophilus annulatus – uses only one host – first arthropod shown to serve as an intermediate host for a protozoan parasite
Continental rabbit tick?
– Haemaphysalis leporispalustris
