Chapter 1 - the language of veterinary parasitology Flashcards
Abberrant parasite means?
parasite that has wandered from its usual site of infection into an organ or location in which it does not ordinarily live; also called erratic parasite
Acaricides means?
chemical compounds developed to kill mites and ticks
Animalia means?
animals
Anthelmintics means?
chemical compounds developed to kill roundworms, tapeworms, flukes, and thorny-headed worms; also anthelminthics
Antiprotozoals means?
chemical compounds developed to kill protozoan organisms
Classification scheme means?
the way an organism can be classified (kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species)
Commensalism means?
type of symbiotic relationship in which one symbiont benefits while other neither benefits nor is harmed
Common name means?
name for a living organism in different regions of the world; may refer to different organisms in different places
Definitive hosts means?
hosts that harbors the adult, sexual, or mature stages of the parasite
Ectoparasite means:
parasite that lives on the body of the host - will produce an infestation on the host
Ectoparasitism means?
parasitism by a external parasite; an ectoparasite will produce an infestation on the host
Endoparasitism means?
parasitism by an internal parasite
Erratic parasite means?
same as aberrant parasite
Euryxenous parasite means?
parasite with a very broad host range
Facultative parasite means?
organism that is usually free-living (non-parasitic) in nature that develops a parasitic existence in certain hosts
Fungi means?
One of the 5 kingdoms in the classification scheme (Planta, aminalia, protista, monera, and fungi)
Genus name means?
the group a particular type of animal, parasite or plant belongs to
Homoxenous parasite means?
parasite that will infect only one type of host; also called monoxenous parasite
Host means?
in a parasitic relationship, the member in which or on which the parasite lives
Incidental parasite means?
parasite that is found in a host in which it does not usually live
Infection means?
a condition caused by an endoparasite , within the host’s body
Infestation means?
a condition caused by an ectoparasite, outside or on the host’s body
Insecticides means?
chemical compounds developed to kill insects
Intermediate host means?
host that harbors the larval, juvenile, immature, or asexual stages of the parasite. A parasite may have more than one intermediate host.
Life cycle means?
development of a parasite through its various life stages. Every parasite has its own distinct, individual life cycle with at least one definitive host and may have one or more intermediate hosts.
Monera means?
One of the 5 kingdoms in the classification scheme (Planta, aminalia, protista, monera, and fungi)
Monoxenous parasite means?
parasite that will infect only one type of host; also called Homoxenous parasite
Mutualism means?
type of symbiotic relationship in which both organisms in the symbiotic relationship derive some benefit.
Obligatory parasite means?
parasite that must lead a parasitic existence; are not capable of leading a free-living existence; most parasites of domestic animals are obligatory parasites
Parasite means?
in a parasitic relationship, the member that lives on or within the host.
Parasitiasis means?
type of parasitic relationship in which the parasite is present on or within the host and is potentially pathogenic (harmful); however , the animal does not exhibit outward clinical signs of disease.
Parasiticides means?
chemical compounds (either very simple or very complex) used to treat specific internal and external parasites (endoparasites and ectoparasites); different types include anthelmintics, acaricides, insecticides, and antiprotozoals.
Parasitism means?
type of symbiotic relationship between two organisms of different species in which one member (the parasite) lives on or within the other member (the hosts and may cause harm; parasite is metabolically dependent on host for its survival
Parasitology means?
the study of parasitic relationships (such as host-parasite relationships)
Paratenic host means?
a host used for transport of a parasite. The parasite does not go through any developmental stages.
Periodic parasite means?
parasite that makes frequent short visits to its host to obtain nourishment or other benefits.
Phoresis means?
type of symbiotic relationship in which the smaller member in the relationship is mechanically carried by the larger member
Planta means?
One of the 5 kingdoms in the classification scheme (Planta, aminalia, protista, monera, and fungi)
Predator means?
an animal that kills another animal and eats it. example - lion
Predator-prey relationship means?
extremely short-term symbiotic relationship in which one symbiotic benefits at the expense of the other; for example, a lion (the predator) will kill a zebra (the prey). The prey ultimately pays with its life and serves as a food source for the predator.
Prey means?
what the predator eats
Protista means?
One of the 5 kingdoms in the classification scheme (Planta, aminalia, protista, monera, and fungi) - means eukaryotic - one-celled living organisms
Pseudoparasite means?
living creatures or inani-mate objects that are not parasitic but may be mistaken for, or erroneously identified as, parasites
Reservoir hosts means?
vertebrate host in which a parasite or disease occurs in nature and is a source of infection for humans or other domesticated animals.
scientific name means?
name for a living organism that is composed of two Latin words, usually written in italics.
specific epithet means?
the type of animal in a genus
stenoxenous parasite means?
parasite with a narrow host range
symbiont means?
each living organism in a symbiotic association
symbiosis means?
any association (temporary or permanent) between at least two living organisms of different species
Transport host means?
special type of intermediate host in which the parasite does not undergo any development, but instead remains arrested, or encysted (in suspended animation) within the host’s tissues; also called paratenic host
Veterinary parasitology means?
the study of parasitic relationships affecting domesticated, wild, exotic and laboratory animals
Zoonosis means?
any disease or parasite that is transmissible from animals to humans
What are the 5 types of symbiotic relationships?
predator-prey, phoresis, mutualism, commensalism,and parasitism
Veterinary parasitology is concerned with only two of these kingdoms as true parasites of domesticated animals which are?
Animalia and Protista
Animalia consists of?
platyhelminths (flatworms–treatodes (flukes) and cestodes (tapeworms), nematodes (roundworms), acanthocephalans (thorny-headed worms), annelids (leeches), and arthropods (insects, mites, ticks, spiders, pentastomes, and other creatures with jointed appendages)
Protista consists of?
protozoans (unicellular organisms)
Moraxella bovis is what?
bacterium and is the etiologic agent of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis or pinkeye of cattle
Musca autumnalis is what?
face fly - the one that carries the infection called pinkeye to one cow to another with its sticky foot pads
What is keratoconjunctivitis?
pinkeye
What is parasitosis?
the parasite is present on or within the host and does produce obvious injury or harm to the host animal
A parasite can cause ______ in some animals with a low parasite burden or number; however, it may also cause _____ with a high parasite burden.
parasitiasis
parasitosis
Endoparasite will produce an ____ within that host.
infection
D. immitis is the what?
the canine heartworm
___ ____infects more than 300 species of warm-blooded vertebrates; its sexual stages only occur in the feline.
Toxoplasma gondii
Genus name indicates?
the group to which a particular type of animal or plant belongs
What does the specific epithet indicate?
the type of animal itself
Compare and Contrast intermediate host vs. definitive host?
The intermediate host (such as a mosquito) is a host that harbors the larval, juvenile, immature, or asexual stages of the parasite, then transfers it to a definitive host (such as a dog who becomes the one that harbors the adult, sexual, or mature stages of the parasite - So both intermediate and definitive hosts helps the parasite survive and complete its life cycle but do this in different ways.
Compare and Contrast parasitosis vs. parasitiasis?
Both parasitosis and parasitiasis live on or within the host, but with parasitiasis there is not outward signs that the parasite is in the animal. With parasitosis there is outward signs that the parasite is in the animal causing harm.
Compare and contrast infestation and infections?
An infection is a condition caused inside the host’s body while an infestation is a condition being caused on the outside of the host’s body. Both cause a condition for the animal.
Compare and contrast common name vs. scientific name?
Common and Scientific are both name of plants or animals. Common names are name given to a species and may be different in different parts of the world but with a scientific name - the species is given two name, the first name is capitalized and indicates the genus name (the group that the particular animal or plant belongs). The second name is not capitalized and is the specific epithet and indicates the type of animal itself.
Compare and contrast anthelmintic vs. insecticide?
Both are compounds that either kill parasites or insects
Compare and contrast obligatory parasite vs. facultative parasite?
Both can lead a parasitic existence, but only facultative parasite can also be free-living (nonparasitic)
Compare and contrast stenoxenous parasite vs. euryxenous parasite?
Both are parasites but stenoxenous has a narrow host range where euryxenous has a broad host range
