Week 7: Healty Eating Flashcards
Short term reservoirs
carbonhydrates
Long term reservoirs
fat
sugar is stored as
glucose turn into glycogen
insulin
the hormone secreted by the pancreas. give this glucose to some cells in the liver (also muscles) and converts into glycogen and stored.
we have glucose in our blood
some of them are used for energy and some of them are stored thanks to insulin.
When we have not enough glucose in our blood
responsible neurons detect it and send signals to the brain the brain sends signals back to the pancreas to stop secreting insulin and to secrete another hormone called glucagon
glucagon
kind of works in the opposite way to insulin starts to using the stored glycogen by converting back to glucose
assume that the depot is empty and not being re filled up
then the body starts using the long term reservoir and burning fat to get enough energy
the brain only uses
glucose for energy (also oxygen), but other parts of the body can use both glucose and fat.
when we are hungry
a hormone named ghrelin is released from the digestive tract, most of the time from stomach and it triggers hypothalamus
there are also detectors in the liver and the brain to detect the fall in glucose and lipid levels of the body
In the brain
medulla is a key region to detect low level of glucose in the body
Satiety means
when you are full.
signals from insulin and liver intestines
stop us to eat food
long term signal to stop
adipose tissue,the fat. changing the sensitivity of the brain for the signals to end eating
many areas of the brain including forebrain and brainstem especially hypothalamus
involved in eating behavior
Melanin concentrating hormone and orexin
are produces by the hypothalamus and these chemicals stimulate hunger and metabolic changes
A neurotransmitter sends to signals to brain
neuropeptide Y means more eating and gaining weight and lowering metabolism
another famous hormone which is important in suppressing eating and increasing metabolic rate
Leptin
Anorexia Nervosa
Restricted eating leads to low body weight
fear of gaining weight
persistent behavior to prevent weight gain
disturbance in self perception or failure to percieve seriousness of low body weight
Brain is shrinking, neuropeptide Y in their blood seem to be increased; but they dont eat more. cook for others or themselves but never eats. play with food
more in women than men
Bulimia Nervosa
Episodes of binge eating
compensatory behavior to prevent gaining weight that follow binge eating
critical evaluation of body weight or shape
more in women than man
Binge eating disorder
episodes of binge eating
distress related to binge eating
no use of compensatory behaviors
equally seen in men and women
