Week 7: Free Black People And Regent + The Widow

Question 1

Manumission

Answer 1

Obtained through formal grant, enslavers freed slave

Question 2

Owners motivation for freeing slave (2)

Answer 2

1. Payment (slave bought freedom)
2. Gratitude for good service, moral reasons, ties of affection

Question 3

Frequency

Answer 3

Never more than 1% a year

Question 4

Some groups did better than others (5)

Answer 4

1. Urban > rural slaves (more opportunities to earn money, access to government)
2. Women > men (relationship ties, caretakers, emotional ties)
3. Skilled > unskilled slaves
4. Creole (American Born) > African (born in the society, know language, interact with society around them)
5. Lighter skinned (millstone, pardos) > darker skinned (possibility of blood connections to family who granted them the freedom)

Question 5

Challenges facing free black people (2)

Answer 5

1. Poverty (handed over life savings)
   1b. Response = pursuit of skilled trade (Pablo Aguero), investment in urban real estate and businesses (Juan Roque)
   —
2. Caste Laws (historical origins of dividing people into far you family practiced Christianity)
   2b. Responses = marrying white/ lighter skinned (to produce lighter children; bribing priests to alter baptismal, marriage, death records (change ancestry to indigenous instead of African); gracias Al sacra decree (royal decree that exempts an individual from a restriction)

Question 6

Caste laws

Answer 6

a division of society based on differences of wealth, inherited rank or privilege, profession, occupation, or race

Question 7

Major institutions of free black life (4)

Answer 7

1. Family (Juan Roque, Manuel Farias, The Widow)
2. Catholic Brotherhoods (had enslaved members) (Mina Maki [Widow], Black Brotherhood of Zape Nation, Borthernood of the most Holy Sacrament)
3. Militia units (civilians working for government and be called upon) (Manuel Farias and Pablo Aguero) (armed and integrated in having caste laws brought to an end, have the weapons to revolt)
4. African nations (included enslaved members) (Maki Nation)

Question 8

Principal goals of black catholic confraternities (Regent and the Widow) (4)

Answer 8

1. Funeral services
2. Help people who are sick
3. Give loans to slaves to help buy freedom
4. Give Charity to kinsmen (attend all funeral of people from the same nation (even if from different brotherhood)