Week 7: Economic impact

Question 1

Economic impact (main)

Answer 1

Employment (both direct and indirect: maritime service community)
Added value (both direct and indirect)

Question 2

Increased added value

Answer 2

Transit, re-export, production

Question 3

Economic impact (continued)

Answer 3

Attractive business location
Transport cost advantages
Foundation specialization logistics
Dynamism & culture port-city
Education

Question 4

Negative effects of ports

Answer 4

Externalities (congestion, emissions, safety)
Economical lock-in risks / path-dependency (cycles): e.g. dependent on port or fossil fuels
Image (old / dirty / manual labour)
Not an economic engine but reactive economic complex (transport is a derived demand)
Extra: outsourcing low-skilled jobs, land use

Question 5

Trends that influence economic value

Answer 5

Digitalisation (autonomous shipping/operations, blockchain, 3D printing, terminal operations)
Energy transition (circular economy, move away from fossil fuels, oil = liquid bulk, windmills, gas)
Climate change / sustainability (CO2 charge, focus on emissions / negative externalities, protection rising sea level)
Globalization: shifting political and economic order (point of gravity towards East, BRI, protectionism / trade barriers)
Other trends: (disruptions such as COVID-19, social/demographic trends: awareness/aging)