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psych 1001h > Week 7,Ch.4 Sensation and Perception > Flashcards

Week 7,Ch.4 Sensation and Perception Flashcards

1
Q

Psychophysics

A

is the study of the external world and how we detect them and then how we translate then into consciousness into our brain

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2
Q

sensation

A

detecting happens at the level of the sensory organs

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3
Q

perception

A

translating organizes and interprets that raw sensations

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4
Q

Transduction

A

the way sensory organs communicate with the brain. Sense receptors convert physical signals from the environment into neural signals sent to the CNS

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5
Q

Absolute threshold

A

the smallest amount of stimuli needed to detect a stimulus at least half of the time

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6
Q

Sensory adaptation

A

we gradually become less sensitive to a constant unchanging stimulus

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7
Q

Acuity

A

how well we can distinguish two very similar stimuli. Just noticeable difference

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8
Q

Difference threshold

A

The ability to detect a change in stimuli what is the faintest change you can detect. Weber’s law

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9
Q

Snellen chart

A

20/20 vission. A way to assess visual acuity. (ability to see fine detail)

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10
Q

Signal detection theory

A

In the real world there is no 100% accuracy, life doesn’t have ideal and controlled conditions,depends on psychology or external factors

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11
Q

Decision criterion

A

perception of a stimulus depends on two independent factors the
strength of the sensory evidence for that stimulus and the amount of evidence necessary

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12
Q

Selective attention

A

Attention is a limited mental ressource, some we can control some we cannot attention is a controlled mental process but it can be taxing and its slower and its limited

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13
Q

Selective spotlight

A

on 1 thing at a time, multi tasking with task that require the same amount of attention do not exist Depends also on what is most self relevant or motivating

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14
Q

Inattentional blindness

A

missing something obvious that we are not paying attention to

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15
Q

Change blindness

A

if where not paying attention we may miss change like the basketball gorilla experiment

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16
Q

Placebo effect

A

when you expect something to happen your body will essentially will it into existence this can happen with pain because its a subjectif process

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17
Q

Context(effect)

A

yields different perception of the same stimulus
For example daylight and artificial light when it comes to the black and blue or white and gold dress

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18
Q

Transduction

A

physical stimuli registered by sensory receptors are converted into neural signals
-transmitted by the nervous system
-signals go to the thalamus and end up on the cerebral

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19
Q

what are human beings’ dominant sense

A

Vision
however humans only sese a small fraction of the electromagnetic spectrum

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20
Q

Visible light

A

a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum

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21
Q

Length

A

hue/colour of light. Distance between crests

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22
Q

Amplitude

A

Brightness. Height of the crests

23
Q

Purity

A

saturation of colour. Depends on the number of wavelengths making up the
Colour

24
Q

Cornea

A

clear smooth outer layer. Light wave hits the eye at the cornea

25
Q

Pupil

A

a hole in the iris(coloured part) pupil focused by a lens

26
Q

Iris

A

a muscle that controls the size of the pupil

27
Q

Retina

A

a layer of light-sensitive tissue lining the back of the eyeball. projected onto the retinas light receptors and then transduced into the neural signals to be sent to the brain via optic nerves

28
Q

myopia

A

nearsightedness

29
Q

hyperopia

A

farsightedness

30
Q

Rods

A

light and grays they work in darkens they also detect motion

31
Q

Cones

A

make our vision sharp and detailed function in well lit detect colour

32
Q

Fovea

A

region of the retina with the clearest vision. No rods here

33
Q

Color deficiency

A

it means you lack one type of cone, Pairs of opposite colours are wired together Red-green blue-yellow black- white

34
Q

Optic nerve

A

bundled RGC axons,No rods or cones so can’t sense light. Creates a blind spot

35
Q

Binding neurons

A

receive coincident (simultaneous) input from other neurons involved in
representing different features of an object

36
Q

Parallel processing

A

the brain’s capacity to perform many activities at the same time. Illusory conjunction: a perceptual mistake where the brain incorrectly combines features from multiple objects.

37
Q

Feature-integration theory

A

focused attention is not required to detect the individual features that make up a stimulus, but it is required to bring the individual features together.

38
Q

Visual agnosia and Prosopagnosia

A

a condition in which you cannot name the actual object its like a form of brain blindness and inability to recognize faces

39
Q

during perception where does, the neural data come from

A

via the thalamus to
the primary visual cortex (Area V1) in the occipital lobe

40
Q

activate feature detectors

A

specialized neurons,
respond selectively to specific aspects of stimuli
- edges, angles, size, location, motion, colour

41
Q

Gestalt principles

A

we perceive a unified whole (vs. separate bits)
“The whole is other than the sum of its parts”
top-down processing:

42
Q

top down processing

A

perceiving the world around us by drawing from what we already know in order to interpret new information

43
Q

Figure & Ground rule

A

an object (figure) is
perceived as separate
from its (back)ground

44
Q

Grouping rules

A

Proximity,Similarity

45
Q

Closure rule

A

completing a familiar form when it appears to have gaps

46
Q

are Depth & distance sensed or perceived?

A

perceived

47
Q

Monocular depth cues

A

aspects of a scene that yield information about depth when viewed with only one eye.

48
Q

Familiar size

A

we expect objects to be a certain size

49
Q

Linear perspective

A

parallel lines seem to converge as they recede into the distance

50
Q

Texture gradient

A

described how textures look more textured up close but monotonous
far away

51
Q

Interposition

A

occurs when one object partly blocks another. The blocking object is closer
than the block object

52
Q

Pictorial cues

A

Objects that are closer appear lower in the visual field

53
Q

Motion perception

A

as an object moves across a stationary observer’s visual field, it stimulates
one location on the retina

54
Q

Motion parallax

A

objects that are closer to us move faster across a visual field

psych 1001h (6 decks)

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