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Cardiopulm > Week 7 Cardiovascular Diagnostic Testing > Flashcards

Week 7 Cardiovascular Diagnostic Testing Flashcards

1
Q

EKG

A

noninvasive; place electrodes on chest to record heart rate and rhythm

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2
Q

EKG can be preformed at

A

rest or during exercise

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3
Q

EKG indications

A

cardiac arrhythmia, ischemia, structural damage, preop clearance, HF

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4
Q

EKG is often used after

A

a procedure or after starting new medications

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5
Q

Holter moniter

A

continuous 24-hour monitor of heart activity; some patients may wear up to 30 days

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6
Q

Holter monitor indications

A

arrhythmias, symptoms such as syncope or dizziness

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7
Q

Chest X-ray indications

A

heart failure, cardiomegaly, pulmonary edema, rib fractures, hypoxia, persistent cough

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8
Q

Common complications from cardiothoracic surgery

A

pleural effusion, pneumonia

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9
Q

Echocardiogram

A

ultrasound of the heart to assess structure and function

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10
Q

Echocardiogram can detect

A

atrial and ventricular size, cardiac muscle function, valve function, thickness of interatrial and interventricular septum, ventricular wall movement

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11
Q

Echocardiogram can estimate

A

EF and stroke volume

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12
Q

Echocardiogram indications

A

valve conditions, congenital heart disease, thrombus, ischemia, cardia muscle dysfunction, valvular vegetation, cardiomyopathy

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13
Q

Transthoracic

A

nonivasive

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13
Q

transesophageal

A

invasive

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13
Q

Cardiac Catheterization

A

detects pressure of each chamber, EF, cardiac output

can help identify further medical management/interventions such as need for CABG

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14
Q

Cardiac Catheterization indications

A

CAD, HF, valve disease, cardiac arrest, angina, worsening exercise tolerance

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15
Q

Cardiac catheterization is diagnostic but

A

can be used as an intervention

assess through radial or femoral artery to the hear

16
Q

Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

A

Nuclear imaging that can detect glucose uptake, blood flow, and fatty acid metabolism, by injecting radioactive tracing material

nonivasive

17
Q

PET indications

A

CAD, cardiomyopathy, myocardial ischemia, L ventricle dysfunction, infection

18
Q

CT

A

single-photon emission computer tomography

19
Q

CT indications

A

cardiac ischemia/perfusion, CAD

20
Q

MRI & MRA

A

May be contraindicated in patients with pacemakers, stents, arthroplasties/surgical hardware

21
Q

MRI

A

detect cardiac blood flow, contractility, structures

22
Q

MRA

A

magnetic resonance angiogram

imaging with IV contrast to detect blockages

23
Q

Exercise stress testing

A

Bruce protocol of progressive 3 minute blocks at increased speed and incline

24
Q

Stress pharmacologic

A

injection of medication to stimulate increased O2 uptake with exercise

25
Q

Contraindications to pharmacologic testing

A

absolute - SBP < 90, bronchospasm, beyond 1st degree heart block

Relative - COPD

26
Q

Indications for endomyocardial Biopsy

A

HF, sarcoidosis, genetic conditions, tumors, cardiomyopathies, transplants

27
Q

Endomyocardial Biopsy is typically performed on

A

a ventricle or at the interventricular septum

28
Q

Multigated Acquisition Scan (MUGA)

A

involves injection of radioactive substance and use of camera to detect cardiac blood flow and determine EF

29
Q

Multigated Acquisition Scan indications

A

CHF, oncology populations, cardiac symptoms

30
Q

ABI

A

compares pressures in posterior tib or dorsalis pedis artery to brachial pressures

31
Q

Duplex Ultrasound

A

use of ultrasound waves to detect tissue defects, use in DVT, venous disease

32
Q

Doppler Ultrasound

A

blood flow through vascular structures

33
Q

Test for arrythmias

A

holter monitor, EKG

34
Q

Test for myocardial ischemia

A

EKG, pharmacologic stress testing, echocardiogram, cardiac catherization, MRI

35
Q

Test for valve function

A

echocardiogram, cardiac catherization

36
Q

Test for ventricle size/EF

A

chest xray. echocardiogram, MUGA

37
Q

Test for cardiac contactility

A

Echocardiogram, MUGA, Ventriculography

38
Q

Test for acute MI

A

EKG

39
Q

Test for vascular

A

ABI, limb pressure, ultrasound, exercise studies

Cardiopulm (11 decks)

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