Week 7 Cardiovascular Diagnostic Testing

Question 1

EKG

Answer 1

noninvasive; place electrodes on chest to record heart rate and rhythm

Question 2

EKG can be preformed at

Answer 2

rest or during exercise

Question 3

EKG indications

Answer 3

cardiac arrhythmia, ischemia, structural damage, preop clearance, HF

Question 4

EKG is often used after

Answer 4

a procedure or after starting new medications

Question 5

Holter moniter

Answer 5

continuous 24-hour monitor of heart activity; some patients may wear up to 30 days

Question 6

Holter monitor indications

Answer 6

arrhythmias, symptoms such as syncope or dizziness

Question 7

Chest X-ray indications

Answer 7

heart failure, cardiomegaly, pulmonary edema, rib fractures, hypoxia, persistent cough

Question 8

Common complications from cardiothoracic surgery

Answer 8

pleural effusion, pneumonia

Question 9

Echocardiogram

Answer 9

ultrasound of the heart to assess structure and function

Question 10

Echocardiogram can detect

Answer 10

atrial and ventricular size, cardiac muscle function, valve function, thickness of interatrial and interventricular septum, ventricular wall movement

Question 11

Echocardiogram can estimate

Answer 11

EF and stroke volume

Question 12

Echocardiogram indications

Answer 12

valve conditions, congenital heart disease, thrombus, ischemia, cardia muscle dysfunction, valvular vegetation, cardiomyopathy

Question 13

Transthoracic

Answer 13

nonivasive

Question 13

transesophageal

Answer 13

invasive

Question 13

Cardiac Catheterization

Answer 13

detects pressure of each chamber, EF, cardiac output

can help identify further medical management/interventions such as need for CABG

Question 14

Cardiac Catheterization indications

Answer 14

CAD, HF, valve disease, cardiac arrest, angina, worsening exercise tolerance

Question 15

Cardiac catheterization is diagnostic but

Answer 15

can be used as an intervention

assess through radial or femoral artery to the hear

Question 16

Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

Answer 16

Nuclear imaging that can detect glucose uptake, blood flow, and fatty acid metabolism, by injecting radioactive tracing material

nonivasive

Question 17

PET indications

Answer 17

CAD, cardiomyopathy, myocardial ischemia, L ventricle dysfunction, infection

Question 18

CT

Answer 18

single-photon emission computer tomography

Question 19

CT indications

Answer 19

cardiac ischemia/perfusion, CAD

Question 20

MRI & MRA

Answer 20

May be contraindicated in patients with pacemakers, stents, arthroplasties/surgical hardware

Question 21

MRI

Answer 21

detect cardiac blood flow, contractility, structures

Question 22

MRA

Answer 22

magnetic resonance angiogram

imaging with IV contrast to detect blockages

Question 23

Exercise stress testing

Answer 23

Bruce protocol of progressive 3 minute blocks at increased speed and incline

Question 24

Stress pharmacologic

Answer 24

injection of medication to stimulate increased O2 uptake with exercise

Question 25

Contraindications to pharmacologic testing

Answer 25

absolute - SBP < 90, bronchospasm, beyond 1st degree heart block Relative - COPD

Question 26

Indications for endomyocardial Biopsy

Answer 26

HF, sarcoidosis, genetic conditions, tumors, cardiomyopathies, transplants

Question 27

Endomyocardial Biopsy is typically performed on

Answer 27

a ventricle or at the interventricular septum

Question 28

Multigated Acquisition Scan (MUGA)

Answer 28

involves injection of radioactive substance and use of camera to detect cardiac blood flow and determine EF

Question 29

Multigated Acquisition Scan indications

Answer 29

CHF, oncology populations, cardiac symptoms

Question 30

ABI

Answer 30

compares pressures in posterior tib or dorsalis pedis artery to brachial pressures

Question 31

Duplex Ultrasound

Answer 31

use of ultrasound waves to detect tissue defects, use in DVT, venous disease

Question 32

Doppler Ultrasound

Answer 32

blood flow through vascular structures

Question 33

Test for arrythmias

Answer 33

holter monitor, EKG

Question 34

Test for myocardial ischemia

Answer 34

EKG, pharmacologic stress testing, echocardiogram, cardiac catherization, MRI

Question 35

Test for valve function

Answer 35

echocardiogram, cardiac catherization

Question 36

Test for ventricle size/EF

Answer 36

chest xray. echocardiogram, MUGA

Question 37

Test for cardiac contactility

Answer 37

Echocardiogram, MUGA, Ventriculography

Question 38

Test for acute MI

Answer 38

EKG

Question 39

Test for vascular

Answer 39

ABI, limb pressure, ultrasound, exercise studies