Week 7

Question 1

Quasi Experiment

Answer 1

A research design that approximates an experimental design, but it is not a true experiment because it does not include random assignment.

Question 2

What are two goals one keeps in mind when designing a Quasi

Answer 2

Figure out comparisons; make them as equivalent as possible, and thank about alternative explanations and rule them out.

Question 3

History

Answer 3

Another event occurs after the treatment that accounts for the effect.

Question 4

Maturation

Answer 4

Participants naturally evolve, get bored, tired, etc, between first and second assesment.

Question 5

Regression to the Mean

Answer 5

The tendency for extreme data points to regress back towards the average.

Question 6

Testing

Answer 6

Asking people twice (or more), changes their answers..

Question 7

Attrition/Mortality

Answer 7

When people group out of the study, and differ from those who do not.

Question 8

Differential Attrition and Differential History

Answer 8

DA: Those in the treatment group are more likely to drop out than the control group.
DH: Something happens to one of your groups and not another.
Threats to internal validity in Pretest-Posttest Non-Equivalent Group Designs.

Question 9

Control Series Design

Answer 9

Interrupted time series design with control groups.

Question 10

Mediator

Answer 10

The psychological reason why an effect occurred. IV-Mediator-DV.

Question 11

Moderator

Answer 11

A variable that changes the magnitude of a known effect when present or absent - tells you when an event will occur.

Question 12

Factorial Designs

Answer 12

An experiment design with more than one IV.

Question 13

Factor

Answer 13

An independent variable in a factorial design.

Question 14

Cell

Answer 14

The conditions in a factorial design. (2x2 = four cells).

Question 15

Main Effect

Answer 15

Effect of each factor averaging across the other factors.

Question 16

Interaction

Answer 16

A pattern of means in which the influence of one factor depends on the level of another factor. Similar to a moderator.

Question 17

Marginal Means

Answer 17

Use to compute main effects - mean of single IV effects - end of column/row.

Question 18

Simple Main Effect

Answer 18

The effect of one IV at particular levels of another. More specific than a main effect.

Question 19

Interaction Effect

Answer 19

Differences between differences (simple main effects) - If there is no difference, there is no interaction.

Question 20

Mixed Factorial Designs

Answer 20

Manipulate one IV using between-subjects design, and another using within-subjects design.

Question 21

Nonmanipulated Independent Variable Factorial Designs

Answer 21

Measured but not manipulated - usually participant variables (ex: self-esteem).

Question 22

Factor Analysis

Answer 22

Organize the variables into a smaller number of clusters, such that they are strongly correlated within each cluster, but weakly correlated between.

Question 23

Correlation Matrix

Answer 23

Correlation (r) between every possible pair of variables in the study.

Question 24

Multiple Regression

Answer 24

Measuring several IV (all possible causes of DV) resulting in an equation that expresses DV as an additive combination of the IV - shows if an IV makes a contribution to a DV over and above contributions made by another IV.