Week 4

Question 1

3 foundational studies that resulted in ethic codes

Answer 1

Submersion of ‘participant’ in ice cold water - Germany
Syphilis Study - Tuskegee, AL
Willowbrook Hepatitis - Staten island, NY.

Question 2

TCPS

Answer 2

Tri-Council Policy Statement - a policy for ethical research that must be satisfied prior to completing any research in Canada.

Question 3

3 principles of TCPS

Answer 3

Concern for Welfare
Respect for Person’s
Justice.

Question 4

What research is exempt from review in Canada?

Answer 4

Publicly available info, observing in public if anonymous and confidential, already collected (anonymous) data.

Question 5

Anonymity

Answer 5

No way to connect names to data (impossible to identify).

Question 6

Confidentiality

Answer 6

Individual response kept secret.

Question 7

Concern for Welfare

Answer 7

Benefit outweighing harm (probability and magnitude).

Question 8

Minimal Risk

Answer 8

No greater risk than would be experienced in their daily life.

Question 9

Informed Consent

Answer 9

Participants should be informed of all aspects of a study before they agree to participate.
Must be capable of informed consent, or assent with guardian’s consent.

Question 10

Deception

Answer 10

Mask study by withholding details of study (typical) or telling an outright lie (rare).

Question 11

Process Debriefing

Answer 11

Describe psychological tendency to forget there was a deception and believe original ruse. Awareness can prevent belief perseverance.

Question 12

Funnel Debriefing

Answer 12

Ask series of questions that are progressively more leading and specific, and reveal deception. Reduce potential harm of participant feeling down.

Question 13

Justice

Answer 13

Potential benefits and harms need to be evenly distributed across all participants in study OR all socitel groups.

Question 14

Confederate

Answer 14

Someone pretending to be in a study.

Question 15

REB & Composition

Answer 15

Committee responsible for reviewing research protocols for potential ethical problems.
Min. 5 people, 2 experts in relevant field, 1 knowledgable in ethics, 1 community member with no affiliation with institution.

Question 16

Full REB

Answer 16

Default requirement for research involving humans.

Question 17

Minimal Risk Research

Answer 17

When experiment doesn’t inflict anymore harm than that participant would experience on an average day.

Question 18

Scholarly Integrity involves:

Answer 18

Sharing data with researchers, giving proper credit, no plagiarism, fabrication, or republishing.

Question 19

How to identify and minimize risks:

Answer 19

List all potential physical, psychological, or confidentiality risks, seek input from a variety of people, prescreen, informed consent with emphasis on ability to withdrawal.

Question 20

Prescreening

Answer 20

Identifying and eliminating participants that are at a higher risk. This can be done by using inform consent (with withdrawal), collecting data on individuals, interview with psychologists.