Week 5

Question 1

Reliability

Answer 1

The extent to which a measure is free from random error - How much our measure reproduces the same score repeatedly.

Question 2

Test Retest Reliability

Answer 2

Administer same questionnaire with same people at multiple times.

Question 3

Internal Consistency

Answer 3

Do the items on the scale produce similar results?

Question 4

Inter-rater Reliability

Answer 4

When judging behaviour, do two people judge it the same?

Question 5

Validity

Answer 5

The extent to which something is “true”; that what one says is accurate.

Question 6

Construct Validity

Answer 6

The extent to which the measured variable actually measures the construct it intends to.

Question 7

Face Validity

Answer 7

Measure appears to reflect the construct being measured.

Question 8

Content Validity

Answer 8

Measure captures all aspects of the domain.

Question 9

Criterion Validity

Answer 9

Ex: Test anxiety should be negatively correlated with performance on important exams.
A category of construct validity regarding people’s scores on a measure correlating with other variables typically related to the construct.

Question 10

Concurrent Validity

Answer 10

Extent to which the measure relates to a behaviour at the same time, or even before the measure. Ex: politicians or librarians and extroversion.

Question 11

Predictive Validity

Answer 11

Extent to which measure predicts relevent behaviours.

Question 12

Convergent Validity

Answer 12

How well measures of the same thing produce the same results.
Ex: Using a homemade extroversion measure, and comparing results to a well-established extroversion measure.

Question 13

Discriminant Validity

Answer 13

Extent to which our measure does not relate to other measures.

Question 14

Free Format/Open Ended

Answer 14

Provide own answer

Question 15

Fixed Format/Closed Ended

Answer 15

Choose from a list of alternatives.

Question 16

Response Set

Answer 16

A pattern of responding to questions on a self-report measure that’s not related to question content.

Question 17

Yay Saying

Answer 17

Agreeing with everything.

Question 18

Nay Saying

Answer 18

Disagreeing with everything.

Question 19

Reverse Score

Answer 19

To deal with response sets, questions that are worded differently and reverse the meaning of the order of response.

Question 20

Social Desirability

Answer 20

Responding in a way that is socially acceptable rather than saying what you actually think.

Question 21

BRUSO

Answer 21

Brief, Relevant, Unambiguous, Specific, Objective.

Question 22

Double-Barreled Questions

Answer 22

A question that is asking two different things at once.

Question 23

Loaded Question

Answer 23

Questions that show bias towards one opinion through strong language.

Question 24

External Validity

Answer 24

How well the results can be generalized to the intended population.

Question 25

Stratified Random Sampling

Answer 25

Population divided into different subgroups, or strata, then random sample taken from each stratum.

Question 26

Convenience Sampling

Answer 26

Selecting people because they’re convenient to recruit.

Question 27

Sampling Frame

Answer 27

List of all members of the population eligible to be in your study.

Question 28

Sampling Bias

Answer 28

When a sample is not representative of the population.

Question 29

Nonresponse Bias

Answer 29

When the people who do not respond differ in some ways than those who do.

Question 30

Constructs

Answer 30

Traits that are covert or difficult to measure.

Question 31

Self-Report Measures

Answer 31

Those in which participants report on their own thoughts, feelings, and actions.

Question 32

Behavioural Measures

Answer 32

Those in which some other aspect of participants behaviour is observed and recorded.

Question 33

Physiological Measures

Answer 33

Those that invoke recording any of a wide variety of physiological processes.

Question 34

Converging Operations

Answer 34

When psychologists use multiple operational definitions of the same construct.

Question 35

Nominal

Answer 35

Categorical variables that involve assigning scores that are category labels without ordering.

Question 36

Ordinal

Answer 36

Assigning scores so that they represent the rank order of individuals without assuming gaps between intervals.

Question 37

Ratio

Answer 37

Assigning scores in such a way there is a true zero point that represents the complete absence of the quantity. Also shares features of the other three levels of measurements.

Question 38

Interval Scales

Answer 38

Assigning scores using numerical scales in which intervals have the same interpretation throughout without having a true zero.

Question 39

Survey Research

Answer 39

Quantitative and qualitative method of research that involves measuring variables using self-reports and has a large attention on issue of sampling.

Question 40

Respondents

Answer 40

Participants of survey research.

Question 41

When is open ended preferred

Answer 41

When answer to question is unsure, and can be easily converted into categories later on.

Question 42

When is closed ended preferred

Answer 42

Preferred when you have a good idea of potential responses and need a well defined variable or construct.

Question 43

Probability Sampling

Answer 43

Utilizing some form of random sampling to ensure that everyone in the population has an equal chance of being chosen.
Ex: Random Sampling

Question 44

Nonprobability Sampling

Answer 44

When the researcher cannot specify the probability that each member of the population will be selected for the sample, ex: convenience sampling.

Question 45

Sampling Frame

Answer 45

List of all members of population from which to select respondents.

Question 46

Stratified Random Sampling

Answer 46

Population divided into different subgroups, or strata, then random samples taken from each stratum.

Question 47

Cluster Sampling

Answer 47

Larger clusters of individuals are sampled and then individuals within each closer randomly sampled.

Question 48

Sampling Bias

Answer 48

When a sample is selected in such a way that is not representative of the entire population.

Question 49

Nonresponse bias

Answer 49

If survey nonrespondents differ from survey respondents in systematic ways.