Week 7 Flashcards
What is the name of the experimental paradigm that attempts to resemble the cheetah in the savannah
The visual search
What type of response time profile would you find with visual search experience in which the POP OUT EFFECT is utilised, using say EITHER colour or orientation?
Mean RT doesn’t increase with display size
meaning you’re doing a parallel search
What characteristics does target need to make it NOT pop out?
It needs to have TWO characteristics - ie colour and orientation
that is, a CONJUNCTION of features
What type of response time profile would you find with visual search tasks looking for CONJUNCTION targets?
RT linearly increase with display size
Cause now you’re searching in serial
What is interesting about the RT profile in visual search tasks for CONJUNCTIVE targets in target-absent vs target-present trials?
Slope is twice as steep for target-absent trials
What does the letter stimuli version of the visual search paradigm tell us about pop out effects
What matters is whether the target can be identified by a single feature (e.g. curved vs straight lines)
What is the name of theory that purportedly describes how we do visual search, but which is actually really annoying … attention to ‘bind features’
(Treisman & Gelade, 1980)
Feature Integration Theory
‘free floating’ and ‘illusory conjunctions’
What was the experiment that showed the problems with Featured Integration Theory (FIT)?
Pop out can depend on COMPLEX object properties (3D thingo)
Enns & Rensink 1990
Altho the come back is that it’s about depth - kinda a trick
What was the insight that Jeremy Wolfe from Harvard brought to the search debate that provided an alternative to the parallel vs serial search ideas
The idea of a continuum of efficiency - efficient to inefficient search
Argues that there e no evidence for dichotomous search
What was the name of Jeremy Wolfe from Harvard’s alternative theory for search
Guided Search Theory
What are the key features of Jeremy Wolfe from Harvard’s Guided Search Theory
The main thing is the idea of a two stage process
Stage 1 - screen the full display in PARALLEL to produce a CANDIDATE LIST
Stage 2 - screen the candidate list in serial to find the TARGET
What’s the explanation of the Stroop effect, according to Posner?
There are two parallel processes - one for colour and one for word reading
Word reading is fast, automatic. Word name available before colour, creates interference
Asymmetrical
Criteria for automaticity
Essentially - doesn’t require capacity (so fast and effortless)
What did Shiffrin and Schneirder find out in their Control and Automatic Processing study (1977)
It’s about ‘consistent mapping’ versus ‘varied mapping’
Varied mapping = sometimes a word sometimes a letter
In varied mapping they NEVER got automaticity
What does the Eriksen Flanker task imply about the attentional spotlight… and stuff
You have automatic parallel processing of conjunctive stimulus, as long as they fall within the ‘attentional spotlight’
