Week 12 Flashcards

1
Q

What’s the real meaning of the term BOUNDED RATIONALITY?

A

That humans reason and choose rationally, but only within the constraints imposed by their limited search and computational capacities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the meaning of the term SATISFICING?

A

Using experience to construct an expectation of how good a solution we might reasonably achieve and halting search as soon as a solution is reached that meets that expectation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What were the two major findings from Meehl (1954) regrarding clinical and statistical prediction?

A
  1. Clinical prediction performs VERY poorly relative to statistical prediction
  2. Clinical prediction overweights case characteristics and underweights base characteristics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

In the context of the two systems approach to cognition, what is meant by QUESTION SUBSTITUTION?

A

Instead of seeking the answer to a complex question, seek the answer to an easier question you believe to be related.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name the three general purpose heuristics Geoff talked about?

A
  1. Representativeness heuristic
  2. Availability heuristic
  3. Affect heuristic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe the representativeness heuristic

A

PROBABILITY judgements are substituted with assessments of RESEMBLANCE

Eg If we’re asked how LIKELY is it that Tom is a computer science student…

we substitute How much does Tom RESEMBLE a computer science student

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

In terms of biases, what is a CONJUNCTION fallacy?

A

Hmm can’t put it into words but something to do with Linda being a bank teller and a feminist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

In terms of biases, what is INSENSITIVITY TO SAMPLE SIZE ?

A

The one about hospitals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the AVAILABILITY HEURISTIC?

A

When asked
What percentage of Hollywood celebrities are divorced?

We substitute

How readily to examples of Hollywood divorces come to mind?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is going on with the bias about the effectiveness of a search set?

A

The one about how many words have ‘n’ in the last three letters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the AFFECT HEURISTIC?

A

When we’re asked ‘How large are the benefits of nuclear power?’

We substitute…

How do I feel about nuclear power?’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the negative risk/benefit correlation bias

A

What it says on the tin

Think nuclear power example

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the insensitivity to numbers bias?

A

The one about how people focused more on the % rather than the # of lives being saved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the anchoring heuristic

A

The African nations one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What heuristic is the CONJUNCTION fallacy bias associated with?

A

Representativeness heuristic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What heuristic is the INSENSITIVITY TO SAMPLE SIZE bias associated with?

A

Representativeness heuristic

17
Q

What heuristic is the MISPERCEPTION OF RANDOMNESS bias associated with?

A

Representativeness heuristic

18
Q

What heuristic is the LAW OF SMALL NUMBERS bias associated with?

A

Representativeness heuristic

19
Q

What heuristic is the BASE RATE NEGLECT bias associated with?

A

Representativeness heuristic

20
Q

What heuristic is the EFFECTIVENESS OF A SEARCH SET bias associated with?

A

Availability heuristic

21
Q

What heuristic is the EGOCENTRIC bias associated with?

A

Availability heuristic

22
Q

What heuristic is the OUTCOME bias associated with?

A

Availability heuristic

23
Q

What heuristic is the NEGATIVE RISK/BENEFIT CORRELATION bias associated with?

A

The affect heuristic

24
Q

What heuristic is the INSENSITIVITY TO NUMBERS (as opposed to %) bias associated with?

A

The affect heuristic