Week 4

Question 1

In the context of cognitive psychology, what is meant by AFFECT?

Answer 1

Both moods and emotions

Question 2

In the context of cognitive psychology, what is meant by MOOD?

Answer 2

Transient states, low intensity, vague

No obvious cause

Little cognitive content

Question 3

In the context of cognitive psychology, what is meant by EMOTION?

Answer 3

More short lived and intense than a mood

Usually have a definite cause and clear cognitive content

Question 4

Turning to the DIMENSIONAL APPROACH to emotions, what are the two dimensions of Lang et al’s AFFECTIVE GRID?

Answer 4

1. Valence (positive/negative)

2. Arousal (calm/aroused)

Question 5

What is the name given to the type of encoding we see with more emotionally arousing stimuli?

Answer 5

Elaborative encoding

Question 6

What two experimental paradigms were used to explore attentional biases in anxiety?

Answer 6

1. Emotional Stroop Task

2. Dot-probe task

Question 7

What is the main model of memory/knowledge that was discussed it he lectures?

Answer 7

Semantic network model

Question 8

In Semantic Network Model, what is the main mechanism underlying information retrieval?

Answer 8

Spreading activation

The idea that concepts activate in sequence from the initially activated concept (eg ‘canary’) along the nodes of the network (eg such that ‘bird’ would subsequently be more easily activated than ‘shovel’)

Question 9

What does the experimental data tell us about whether SPREADING ACTIVATION is actually real?

Answer 9

A study of SEMANTIC PRIMING showed that people were better able to identify whether a pair of words contained a nonsense word when the two words were conceptually similar (SEMANTIC ASSOCIATES)

Question 10

What’s the difference between MOOD CONGRUENT MEMORY (MCM) and MOOD DEPENDENT MEMORY (MDM)

Answer 10

Mood CONGRUENT memory is where sad people are better at remembering sad stimuli (and vice versa)

Mood DEPENDENT memory is where sad people are better at remembering neutral stimuli when they are also sad when they are remembering (and vice versa)

Question 11

What are the four features of automaticity proposed by BArgh (1994)

Answer 11

1. UNCONSCIOUS - lack awareness of the stimulus
2. EFFICIENT: processing stimulus requires minimal attentional resources
3. UNINTENTIONAL - no goal is needed to engage in the process
4. UNCONTROLLABLE- the process is difficult to avoid or stop

Question 12

Of the four types of AUTOMATIC COGNITIVE PROCESSES proposed by Bargh, which doe Teachman et al says are associated with ANXIETY Disorders?

Answer 12

1. UNCONSCIOUS - lack awareness of the stimulus

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3. UNINTENTIONAL - no goal is needed to engage in the process
4. UNCONTROLLABLE- the process is difficult to avoid or stop

Question 13

Of the four types of AUTOMATIC COGNITIVE PROCESSES proposed by Bargh, which doe Teachman et al says are associated with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER?

Answer 13

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4. UNCONTROLLABLE- the process is difficult to avoid or stop