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TERM 3 N2161 KNLG 2 > WEEK 7 & 8 ANTIDIABETIC DRUGS > Flashcards

WEEK 7 & 8 ANTIDIABETIC DRUGS Flashcards

1
Q

Name one example of an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor

A

acarbose (Glucobay)

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2
Q

What is another term for alpha-glucosidase inhibitors?

A

Starch blockers

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3
Q

What is the action of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors?

A

Inhibits the enzyme alpha-glucosidase to prevent the breakdown of starch into glucose

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4
Q

What is the therapeutic effect of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors?

A

Lowers postprandial blood sugar

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5
Q

Name 2 side effects of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

A
  1. Flatulence
  2. GI upset
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6
Q

Name one example of a biguanide

A

metformin (Glumetza)

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7
Q

Name 3 actions of biguanides

A
  1. Inhibits hepatic glucose production
  2. Inhibits intestinal glucose absorption
  3. Increases insulin sensitivity
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8
Q

What are 2 side effects of biguanides?

A
  1. GI upset
  2. Metallic taste
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9
Q

What are 2 reasons the nurse should hold a biguanide drug?

A
  1. Patient receiving iodinated contrast
  2. Patient is not eating/drinking
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10
Q

Name 1 example of an incretin mimetic

A

exenatide (Byetta)

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11
Q

What are 4 actions of incretin mimetics?

A

Mimics action of incretin:
1. Increases insulin secretion
2. Decreases glucagon
3. Decreases gastric emptying
4. Increases satiety

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12
Q

What are 3 side effects of incretin mimetics?

A
  1. GI upset and weight loss
  2. Headache
  3. Hypoglycemia
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13
Q

What are 2 contraindications for incretin mimetics?

A
  1. Pancreatitis
  2. Severe GI disease
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14
Q

What are 2 guidelines for administration of incretin mimetics?

A
  1. Immediate release forms cannot be taken after meals
  2. Keep refridgerated
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15
Q

Name 2 examples of meglitinides

A
  1. repaglinide (Gluconorm)
  2. nateglinide (Starlix)
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16
Q

What is another term for meglitinides?

A

Nonsulphonylureas

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17
Q

What is the action of meglitinides?

A

Stimulates beta cells of pancreas to release insulin

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18
Q

What is one side effect of meglitinides?

A

Hypoglycemia

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19
Q

What is one contraindication for meglitinides?

A

Patient is not eating/drinking

20
Q

What are 2 guidelines for administering meglitinides?

A
  1. Take up to 30 minutes before eating
  2. Doses may be added/skipped as needed with meals
21
Q

Name 2 examples of sulphonylureas

A
  1. glyburide (Diabeta)
  2. gliclazide (Diamicron)
22
Q

What is another term for sulphonylureas?

A

Insulin secretagogues

23
Q

Name 2 actions of sulphonylureas

A
  1. Stimulates release of insulin
  2. Increases insulin sensitivity
24
Q

Name 2 side effects of sulphonylureas

A
  1. Weight gain
  2. Hypoglycemia
25
Q

Name a contraindication for sulphonylureas

A

Allergy to sulpha drugs

26
Q

What is one guideline to remember when administering sulphonylureas?

A

High alert medication

27
Q

Name 1 example of a thiazolidinedione

A

pioglitazone (Actos)

28
Q

What are 2 other terms for thiazolidinediones?

A
  1. Glitazones
  2. Insulin sensitizers
29
Q

What is the action of thiazolidinediones?

A

Acts as an agonist for insulin at receptor sites

30
Q

Name 3 side effects of thiazolidinediones

A
  1. Edema
  2. Weight gain
  3. CHF
31
Q

Which insulin is rapid acting?

A

Insulin lispro

32
Q

What is the brand name for insulin lispro?

33
Q

When is the peak of action for insulin lispro?

34
Q

Which insulin is short acting?

A

Insulin regular

35
Q

What is the brand name for insulin regular?

36
Q

What are 2 routes for insulin regular?

37
Q

What is the peak of action for insulin regular?

38
Q

Which insulin is intermediate acting?

A

NPH insulin

39
Q

What is the brand name for NPH insulin?

40
Q

What is the peak of action for NPH insulin?

41
Q

What are 2 examples of long acting insulin?

A
  1. Insulin glargine
  2. Insulin detemir
42
Q

What are 3 brand names for insulin glargine?

A

Lantus
Basaglar
Toujeo

43
Q

What is the brand name for insulin detemir?

44
Q

When is the peak of action for long acting insulins?

45
Q

For premixed insulins like Humulin 30/70, what do the numbers indicate?

A

First number is regular insulin, second number is NPH insulin

TERM 3 N2161 KNLG 2 (13 decks)

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