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Nurse 146 Nursing Care Of The Older Adult > Week 7 > Flashcards

Week 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

What occurs to renal/kidney function during normal aging?

A
  • Decreased number of nephrons

- less efficient blood filtration

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2
Q

Reduced renal/kidney function in normal aging is secondary to what?

A

Decreased cardiac function

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3
Q

What is a major implication of reduced renal/kidney function that results from normal aging?

A

Increased risk of toxic build up of drugs due to reduced elimination

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4
Q

What occurs to the lower urinary tract during normal aging?

A
  • Decreased bladder capacity
  • increased post void residual
  • Detrusor instability
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5
Q

How can decreased bladder capacity increase the risk of dehydration?

A

A full bladder or fear of a full bladder can reduce the desire to drink

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6
Q

What are the implications of a unstable detrusor muscle

A
  • incontinence

- Overactive bladder

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7
Q

How does the reproductive system generally change due to aging?

A

-Altered appearance and function of genital tract

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8
Q

How can menopause be treated?

A

With HRT

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9
Q

What are the main effects of menopause?

7

A
  • Decreased in estrogen
  • Pelvic floor relaxation
  • Detrusor instability
  • Atrophy of genital and breast tissue
  • Mood alterations
  • Increased bone loss
  • Increased androgen
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10
Q

What are the main effects of Andropause?

7

A
  • decrease testosterone
  • decreased size of reproductive tract
  • decreased libido
  • Decreased function of accessory sex organs
  • mood changes
  • decreased bone mass
  • Hypertrophy of prostate
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11
Q

What are the three main drug types that can cause decreased libido?

A
  • Anti-depression
  • Cardio
  • Statins
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12
Q

What are the four most common disorders of the genitourinary system?

A
  • BPH
  • UTI
  • Nocturia
  • Incontinence
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13
Q

What is BPH?

A

Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy

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14
Q

What are the common symptoms of BPH?

A
  • Dribbling
  • Problems starting and stopping flow
  • urgency
  • 50% experience prostatitis
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15
Q

What are the two kinds of UTI?

A

Upper and lower

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16
Q

Upper UTI’s are also called _____ and effect which organs?

A

pyelonephritis

-kidneys

17
Q

Lower UTI’s are also called ____ and effect which organs?

A

cystitis

-bladder

18
Q

What are some symptoms of an upper uti?

A

Fever, chills, anorexia

19
Q

What are some symptoms of a lower uti?

A
  • Pain on urination
  • confusion
  • sudden incontinence
  • behavior changes
20
Q

An upper UTI can lead to _____ also known as sepsis

A

bacterima

21
Q

What is the main antibiotic used for lower UTI’s

A

Cyphilexin

22
Q

What is nocturia?

A

-increased urine production at night due to an interruption of circadian pattern

23
Q

What 7 factors do you assess for in incontinence?

A
  • Time
  • Frequency
  • Pain
  • Amount
  • Flow
  • Urgency
  • Dribbling
24
Q

When assessing incontinence, it is important to obtain or start to collect data to create a ______

A

Void pattern history

25
Q

What are the four types of incontinence?

A
  • Functional
  • Stress
  • Urge
  • Overflow
26
Q

What is functional incontinence?

A

-patient is unable to control their bladder before reaching the bathroom due to limitations in moving, thinking, or communicating

27
Q

What is the main action to take in functional incontinence?

A

Modify the environment to allow easy access to commode

28
Q

What are three disorders that can cause functional incontinence?

A
  • Alzheimer’s
  • Parkinson’s
  • Arthritis
29
Q

What is stress incontinence?

A

-Leaking small amounts when coughing, sitting down/standing up, laughing
Caused by loss of pelvic floor tone, pelvic prolapse, prostatectomy,

30
Q

What can be done to lessen stress incontinence?

A

Kegel exercises

31
Q

What is urge incontinence?

A

Shortened time between need and occurrence of void

-caused by detrusor muscle instability

32
Q

What can be done to treat urge incontinence?

A

Bladder training

33
Q

What is overflow incontinence?

A

Dribbling or reduced stream. Can not completely empty bladder.
-Caused when the bladder is overly distended but the detrusor muscle does not contract

34
Q

What can be done to treat overflow incontinence?

A

The crede maneuver

-Manual compression

35
Q

What two types of medications can be used to treat incontinence?

A
  • Tricyclic antidepressants

- Anticholinergics/antispasmodics

36
Q

What is the main tricyclic antidepressant used to treat incontinence?

A

imipramine

37
Q

What is the main Anticholinergics/antispasmodics used to treat stress/urge incontinence?

A

oxybutynin

Nurse 146 Nursing Care Of The Older Adult (11 decks)

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