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Nurse 146 Nursing Care Of The Older Adult > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Gerontology

A

The scientific study of old age, the process of aging, and particular problems with older adults

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2
Q

What is ageism?

A

The discrimination of a person based off of age

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3
Q

What are some common ageist beliefs about older adults?

A

That they are slow mentally and physically, they are stagnant, they don’t change, they are stupid and behind the times

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4
Q

Define Life Expectancy

A

Probable number of years remaining in life determined statistically.
This is affected by factors such as heredity, physical health, nutrition, and occupation

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5
Q

Define lifespan.

A

The average or maximum length of time an organism material, or object is expected to last. (Statistical number based on when you were born)

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6
Q

What are the 6 biological theories of aging?

Winnie Found Incredible Conditions Not Perilous

A
  1. Wear and Tear
  2. Free radical
  3. Immunological
  4. cross-link
  5. Neuroendocrine/Neurochemical
  6. Programmed longevity
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7
Q

What are the aspects of the wear and tear theory of ageing?

A
  • Aging is the result of injury over time

- Cells wear out and need to repair, again results when repair cant keep up with injuries

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8
Q

What are the aspects of the free radical theory of ageing?

A

-Products of oxidation free radicals result in cell breakdown resulting in disease and cancer

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9
Q

What are the aspects of the immunological theory of ageing?

A

Decline in immune function increases vulnerability to disease. Low t-cells

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10
Q

What are the aspects of the cross-link theory of ageing?

A

Connective tissue loosens over time. Loss in elastisity causes ageing

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11
Q

What are the aspects of the neuroendocrine/chemical theory of ageing?

A

Exposure to hazards like carcinogens or sunlight cause damage and disease to body or endocrine organs which lead to more disease via abnormal hormone levels

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12
Q

What are the aspects of the programmed longevity theory of ageing?

A

(AKA the clockwork theory)
Involuntary and inherit process that alters cellular tissue.
-fixed number of cell divisions

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13
Q

What are the three main psychosocial theories of aging

Dan Ate Cheese

A
  1. Disengagement theory
  2. Activity theory
  3. Continuity theory
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14
Q

What is Disengagement theory of ageing?

A

(no supporting evidence)

The theory that as one ages there is a gradual and mutual withdraw from society

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15
Q

What is the Activity theory of ageing

A

Suggests that when an OA denies limitations they are able to and will remain more active and engaged in society.

  • this is the opposite of disengagement theory
  • Stay active to age successfully
  • activity can be physical, social, or a combination
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16
Q

What is the continuity theory of ageing?

A
  • Ties into activity theory
  • An individual maintains personality and coping abilities as they age
  • OA’s will continue the life they had when they were younger
17
Q

What is primary ageing?

A

Universal and irreversible physical changes that occur as individuals age

18
Q

What is secondary ageing?

A

-Common ageing illnesses or conditions that vary from person to person caused by habits, genes, or environmental factors

19
Q

What are the three stages of “old”?

A
  • Young old 65-75
  • Middle-old 75-85
  • old-old 85 and up
20
Q

What are the 6 Developmental theories of ageing?

Emily Found Henry Picking Kale Flowers

A
  • Erickson-crisis
  • Freud-Psychosexual
  • Havighurst-Tasks
  • Piaget-Cognitive
  • Kholberg-Moral
  • Fowler-Faith
21
Q

What are the main themes in Erickson’s theory of development

A
  • Erickson focused on Developmental Crises
  • OA’s should be in Erickson’s last stage which is Ego-Integrity vs Despair
  • Success in this stage comes from accepting ones life as it has happened and knowing that one still has the ability to start things anew.
  • Failure to accept ones life and accomplishments and fear of not being able to start anew will lead to despair that evolves into a fear of death.
  • Encourage one to reminisce and tell stories from past to help obtain ego integrity
22
Q

What stage of Freud’s psychosexual development are OA’s in? what are the main elements of this stage?

A
  • In genital Stage

- Relationships and intimacy are main focus of this stage

23
Q

What are the main components in Havighurst’s developmental theory. What is the major task in old age?

A
  • Focuses on Developmental tasks that need to be done in order to continue healthy development.
  • Tasks come at certain periods in ones life and lead to happiness if task is completed.
  • Havighurst implies that it is the responsibility of the individual to ensure development.
  • The major task in OA’s time is “To clarify, deepen, and find use for what one has already obtained in a lifetime of learning and adaptation.
24
Q

What are the main elements of Piaget’s theory of development?

A
  • Piaget focused on cognitive development.
  • OA’s should have reached the formal operational stage of development. This stage must be identified prior to any diagnosis of a degenerative cognitive disease or it can never be confirmed as being reached.
  • Formal Operational stage is characterized by the ability to use abstract thinking and to use deductive reasoning skills
25
Q

What are the main elements of Kholberg’s theory of development?

A
  • Focus on Moral Development
  • Conventional: Respects values and ideals of others
  • Post-conventional: Uses rational Moral judgment that is internalized
26
Q

What are the main elements of Fowler’s theory of development?

A
  • Focus on faith development
  • In later life, Faith should universalize
  • Absolute love and justice above strict doctrine
  • Strong hope, love and commitment

Nurse 146 Nursing Care Of The Older Adult (11 decks)

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