week 7

Question 1

Why does the brain anatomy change?

Answer 1

Based on early life experiences

Question 2

Hippocampus is known for?

Answer 2

Memory

Question 3

What happens to cortisol in a traumatic child

Answer 3

More cortisol levels leading to negative health affects down the road, to respond to stress

Question 4

PTSD has an affect on what?

Answer 4

Attention, it will alter the anterior cingulate neuronal metabolism which is associated with attention

Question 5

What is a main coping mechanism for children in trauma?

Answer 5

main coping mechanism is dissociation, leads to visual memory deficits

Question 6

How has going to school affected children?

Answer 6

They may feel it as a threat, because of previous school shootings.

Question 7

What is contributing to high school shootings?

Answer 7

Violent video games, lead to disinhibition

Question 8

Who is more likely to get kicked out of school?

Answer 8

Kindergarteners rather than high schoolers for aggression

Question 9

How many children are abused?

Answer 9

more than 600,000 children are abused each year in the U.S

Question 10

Which children are the most vulnerable?

Answer 10

the youngest children, children in the first year of their life are 15% of all victims

Question 11

Which ethnicity has the highest rate of victimization for children?

Answer 11

American Indian or Alaska Native children have the highest rate of victimization 15.2

Question 12

Do girls or boys have a higher rate of victimization?

Answer 12

Girls rate of 8.7% in the population while boys at 7.5%

Question 13

How many child deaths are there a day?

Answer 13

5

Question 14

Certain stressors can be predictable, controllable, this will lead to?

Answer 14

Resilience, ex: I am stressed about my midterm

Question 15

Other stressors can be unpredictable, uncontrollable, what does this lead to?

Answer 15

Vulnerability

Question 16

Factors that influence reactivity

Answer 16

Children that have been traumatized in a complex way have a mixed hyperarousal and dissociative pathway

Question 17

Why do some children develop psychological problems after being exposed to a negative life event, while others adapt to similar circumstances without developing problems?

Answer 17

Could be due to protective factors, exposure.

Question 18

Temperament dimension of emotionality/neuroticism? 1st model

Answer 18

makes it possible to predict the nature of potential pathology by isolating the fear (anxiety response), anger/frustration (aggressive response), and sadness (depressed response)

Question 19

Effortful control (2nd model)

Answer 19

relates to both behavioral inhibition and attentional control (ability to focus and shift attention when needed) Problems with behavioral inhibition has been linked to externalizing disorders. Lack of attentional control has been linked to internalizing disorders (such as anxiety)

Question 20

The brain doesn’t grow, what impacts this?

Answer 20

Trauma and neglect. It impacts all areas of the brain development and functioning

Question 21

Differences in a maltreated brain?

Answer 21

smaller right temporal, right frontal and bilateral parietal lobes, 20% of less working memory, 8 pt loss in VIQ and 10 pt loss in PIQ

Question 22

What is the right frontal lobe involved in with PTSD?

Answer 22

It causes symptomatology and dissociative flashbacks of the trauma

Question 23

Where should treatment focus on?

Answer 23

The area of dysregulation, interventions must be compatible with brain level, meaning you have to talk to the child in a age appropriate way, using certain words and amount of time that it applies to them. We will treat most severe symptoms first (Hierarchical)

Question 24

Usually adults that abuse children were

Answer 24

abused as a child

Question 25

What are the major types of child abuse and neglect?

Answer 25

neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse and emotional abuse

Question 26

Neglect

Answer 26

failure to provide for a child's basic needs -physical, medical, educational, emotional, sometimes these may not be neglect if it relates to poverty, culture values, take these into consideration

Question 27

Physical Abuse

Answer 27

acts that result in actual or potential physical harm, stemming from an interaction (or lack of interaction) that is reasonably within the control of a parent or person in position of responsibility, power, or trust.

Question 28

What issues may parents or caregivers have that put the child at more risk for neglect?

Answer 28

substance abuse, poor insight, mental health issues

Question 29

Sexual Abuse (outweighs the other forms of abuse)

Answer 29

The involvement of a child or youth in sexual activity (1) that the young person does not fully comprehend, (2) that he or she is unable to give informed consent to, (3) that he or she is not developmentally prepared for and cannot give consent to, or (4) that violates the laws or social taboos of society. The perpetrator is an adult or another child who by development or age is in a relationship of responsibility, trust, or power, and the sexual activity is intended to gratify or satisfy the needs of the perpetrator

Question 30

Emotional abuse

Answer 30

the failure to provide developmentally appropriate, supportive environment, including the availability of a primary attachment figure, so that a child can establish a stable and full range of emotional and social competences commensurate with his or her personal potential, in the context of the society in which the child lives

Question 31

Problem with symptom-based clustering

Answer 31

Similar signs and symptoms may be caused by multiple pathophysiological processes

Question 32

what is the difference of adults and children without treatment for PTSD?

Answer 32

adults will have symptoms lessen over time, but this is not true for children

Question 33

What do children experience in PTSD in which adults do not?

Answer 33

They experience "time skew" - child recalls event in a non chronological order and "omen formation"- a belief that there were warning signs that predicted the trauma, children believe they aren't alert enough -also experience posttraumatic play or reenactment of trauma in play, drawings or verbalization, play involves compulsively repeating the trauma. Reenactment is more flexible, behaviorally recreating aspects of the trauma -they have disturbance in school performance

Question 34

PTSD in adolescence may begin to resemble PTSD in adults such as

Answer 34

-they will be more impulsive, eating disorders, somatic symptoms, disruptions in sense of self, substance abuse, hypersexuality, suicidality, delinquency, truancy, self mutilation, report subjective feeling of numbness