Eating Disorders Flashcards
What are some recent trends with eating disorders?
-Increased obesity due to the type of food we have along with an increase in fast food
-Social media has contributed to kids dieting
-SES & minority youth because of availability of cheaper food
-Females constantly worry about being overweight
In the last 25 years body dissatisfaction has?
Doubled for females and tripled for males
How are children at risk for body dissatisfaction?
Adolescent development combined with influences of parents, peers, and the media
With these increased risk with body dissatisfaction associated with
internalization of an ideal body
image, body fat in adolescent
females, social influence,
attitudes towards dieting,
negative affect, and age
(increased risk as they move
through adolescence)
Body dysmorphia
distorted view of what someone looks like
Three key variables are to be considered in determining diagnosis?
Body weight (anorexia need to be underweight), presence or absence of binge eating, The presence of absence of compensatory behaviors (strategy to rid that binge eating)
Medical complications with eating disorders
-Amenorrhea (losing period)
-Enlarged salivary glands
-Erosion of dental enamel
-Calluses on the hands
-Chronic dehydration
-Electrolyte Imbalances (heart failure)
-Cardiac arrhythmia
-Osteoprosis (lack of nutrition causing bones to be weak)
-Retarded Bone Growth
How does Anorexia affect a body?
-brain and nerves (constant fear of gaining weight, moody)
-hair thins
-heart issues
-anemia
-weak muscles and joints
-kidney stones/failure
-low potassium
-constipation
-periods stop
-dry skin, bruise easily
Is child sexual abuse predictive of psychopathology?
Yes in general, but not predictive of an eating disorder
Does bulimia or anorexia have a higher mortality rate?
Bulimia
Pica
eating non-nutritious foods, see it a lot in underdeveloped countries or pregnant women, these usually stem from non-nutrition
Rumination Disorder
Chewing food, swallow it and cough the food back up to chew again
Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder
Diagnosed mainly in ASD, sensory based (can be a food phobia)
Anorexia Nervosa Diagnostic Criteria
A. restriction of energy intake relative to requirements, low weight or underweight
B. intense fear of gaining wait or becoming fat
C. disturbance in the way in which one’s body weight or shape is experienced, lack of seriousness of the low body weight
Specifiers for Anorexia Nervosa
-restricting type: in last 3 months, the individual has not engaged in episodes of binge or purging, they have weight loss due to dieting, exercise, fasting
-binge-eating/ and or purging type: in last 3 months the individual has episodes of binge eating or purging behavior
-could be in partial or full remission
Medically how is anorexia treated?
In a hospital
Specify current severity of Anorexia Nervosa
The minimum level of severity is based on BMI
progression and characteristics of anorexia
most are a normal weight when the onset of it begins, they skip meals, exercise excessively, focus on parts of their body, feel ashamed and embarrassed when they gain weight, very impulsive (may lead to substance use)
What can happen with anorexia and the drive to lose weight overtime?
It looses its satisfaction
Do those with anorexia believe they have a problem?
No, they are ego-syntonic, they are brought in by family members because it is not a problem to them
What does anorexia have a high correlation with?
OCD, personal need for control over their lives in general
What are the differences of the restricting subtype and binging subtype?
binging subtype: tends to be more impulsive, more severe and a higher suicide rate
restrictive subtype: more rigid, obsessive and controlling
When is the onset of anorexia?
14-18 years old, some recover after single episode others struggle and relapse for many years, 10% die from suicide or medical complications, if treatment begins in adolescence its better
Minuchin & Colleagues (Role of the Family)
- enmeshment where interpersonal boundaries
are easily crossed - overprotectiveness (which hinders development
and autonomous functioning) - rigidity (threatened by changes assoc. with
puberty) - conflict avoidance
- poor conflict resolution
