Depression Flashcards
What are some assessments used for depression?
Child depression inventory
Children’s Depression Rating Scale Revised
The Depression Scale of Beck Youth Inventories
Depression and Anxiety in Youth Scale
The Hopelessness Scale for Children
Inventory of Suicide Orientation
Moods & Feelings Questionnaire
Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale
Reynolds Child Depression Scale
Are depressive disorders multifactorial?
Yes they are caused by combinations of many etiological factors, causing different forms of depression
What does multifinality?
It is unlikely that any set of etiological factors is specific to depression
Risk factors for depression
Individual (difficult temperament, low self esteem, low positive mood), family (conflict, level of expressed emotion, parenting style, maternal depression), peer and school & socioeconomic
Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
Characterized by severe and recurrent temper outbursts that are far beyond what context would expect, occurs at least 3 times per week, appears in at least 2 settings, cannot diagnose before age 6 or after age 18, if child meets ODD and DMDD give DMDD
Major depressive disorder
Intense sadness, insomnia, poor appetite, weight loss
Differences between grief and depression
In grief painful feelings come in waves, often intermixed with positive memories of the deceased but in depression mood is negative & worthlessness
Bereavement is not present in
MDD, whereas someone could get it is not overlooked with bereaved individuals
Persistent Depressive Disorder
Depressed mood for most of the day, at least 2 years
Age differences for depression inventory adolescents
Depressed boys are at the greatest risk of suicidal behaviors in late adolescence
Depressed girls are at the highest risk in middle adolescence
More weight loss in girls
More hypersomnia
Age differences in depression inventory children
Younger children report more somatic symptoms
More irritability in younger children
Report less dysphoria than adolescents
More weight gain
Depression in infancy
Focused on the dyadic relationship, research related to vagal tone (heart rate variability) decreased in depressed infants or infants of depressed mothers
Gender differences with depression
More common in females from adolescence forward
Girls report more frequent interpersonal stress
Boys are more susceptible to academic and school stress, they have overall more stress but don’t react with depression
Comorbidity with depression and anxiety
80-90% of individuals with major depressive disorder have anxiety symptoms or disorder
Children with depression and ADHD or conduct disorder experience
High levels of aggression and peer rejections, higher in depressed boys
Other comorbidity disorders with depression
Eating disorders, psychosis, substance abuse, medical illness (25%)
What are some medical conditions causing depression
Endocrine disorders, neurological disorders and medications
How many people die with MDD due to suicide?
15%, increase in those over 55
What is the premorbid history with depression?
10-25% of patients with MDD have preexisting dysthymic disorder
What is the average age for MDD onset?
14
Average duration of an episode for MDD is and dysthymic
7-8 months for MDD 20% have it lasting 15 months or longer and dysthymic is 4 years
When do adolescents recover from MDD?
70-80% recover from MDD after 1 year however 70% experience a recurrence within 5 years
How does stress play a role in MDD
Triggers the first 1-2 episodes, some have clusters of episode and others are separated by many years
What is the recovery with MDD
76% on antidepressant therapy recover only 18% on placebo recover
