Week 7 Flashcards
What type of zone is the brainstem? Functions?
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List important posterior structures in the midbrain, pons, and medulla regions
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2, 2, 4, 4 rule
Where are the tectum and basilar located?
What is the brainstem divided into?
What are the internal structures of the brainstem? What region do they belong to?
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Explain reticular formation (RF)
Explain reticular nuclei in RF
Give examples of the pathway of dopamine, GABA, serotonin, and norepinephrine
Explain the ascending reticular activating system
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Where does the UMN in the cerebral cortex and in the brainstem go to?
What are the main subcomponents in cranial nerve nuclei?
corticobullbar T.
Nuclei
What are the main subcomponents in long tracts?
Corticospinal T.
DCML T.
Swallowing
What are the main subcomponents in cerebellar circuitry?
Pontine N.
Cerebellar P.
what are the main subcomponents in reticular formation?
sleep awake cycle
Arousal
What is the function of medulla? Pons?
How is the midbrain divided?
What are the vertical tracts and the modifications in the brainstem for the sensory (ascending) tracts?
What are the vertical tracts and the modifications in the brainstem for the autonomic (descending) tracts?
What are the vertical tracts and the modifications in the brainstem for the motor (descending) tracts from cerebral cortex?
What are the vertical tracts and the modifications in the brainstem for the motor (descending) tracts that originate in brainstem?
What are the vertical tracts and the modifications in the brainstem for the descending tracts that inhibit nociceptive signals?
What are the motor tracts of the spinal cord?
What is the site of origin, site of decussation, levels of termination, and function of the lateral corticospinal tract?
What is the site of origin, site of decussation, levels of termination, and function of the rubrospinal tract?
What is the site of origin, site of decussation, levels of termination, and function of the anterior corticospinal tract?
What is the site of origin, site of decussation, levels of termination, and function of the vestibulospinal tracts?
What is the site of origin, site of decussation, levels of termination, and function of the reticulospinal tracts?
What is the site of origin, site of decussation, levels of termination, and function of the tectospinal tract?
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What does the reticulospinal, lateral vestibulospinal, medial vestibulospinal, and medial corticospinal tracts facilitate the LMN to do?
Explain
What does the rubrospinal tract serve as a backup for?
How does the reticulospinal tract descend? Origin?
Explain
Cortical control on RST
How does the lateral VST tract descend? Origin?
How does the medial VST tract descend? Origin?
Describe decerebrate rigidity
How does the tectospinal tract descend? Function?
Explain how the corticobulbar (brainstem) tracts synapse with associated structures?
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Describe cranial nerves
Which cranial nerves are from mid brain, pons, and medulla? How to identify if they come from a motor or sensory nuclei?
motor/sensory or both: Some Say Money Matters But My Brother Says Big Brain Matters Most
What are the main functions of each cranial nerve?
Where do each cranial nerve exit?
What are the functions of cranial nerves?
CN 10 is the visceral nerve
Explain the function of CN 1
Explain the function of CN 2
Explain pupillary light reflex
Explain pupillary dark response
List the extraocular muscles
Which cranial nerves control which eye muscles?
Explain the function of CN 3
Explain what structure is affected, smooth muscle, and action by the parasympathetic system in the eye and eyelid
Explain what structure is affected, smooth muscle, and action by the sympathetic system in the eye and eyelid
How is the coordination of eye movements established?
Explain the function of CN 5
What are the sensory pathways of CN 5?
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Label each color
Explain the eye blink reflex
Explain the function of CN 7
Label and state cause of lesion
Explain the function of CN 8
What does auditory function assist with?
How does auditory function assist motor control?
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Explain the function of CN 9
Explain the function of CN 10
Which CN causes uvula deviation?
CN 10 (ipsilateral vagus nerve or its nuclei)
List the CN that have autonomic regulations
Explain the function of CN 11
Explain the function of CN 12
During swallowing, which CN works in the oral, pharyngeal/laryngeal, and esophageal stages?
What is the peripheral ganglia and functions of ganglia for CN 1-8?
What is the peripheral ganglia and functions of ganglia for CN 9-12?
Lesion at pons, assess spinothalamic effects on body and face
Explain the differences in strokes affecting ACA, MCA, and PCA
