Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Tinas Class > Week 7 > Flashcards

Week 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Parts of the central nervous system

A

The brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Peripheral nervous system parts

A

The peripheral nervous system has two parts, motor, neurons, and sensory neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What two types of motor neurons are there in the nervous system

A

Somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the parts of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Sympathetic division and parasympathetic division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the somatic nervous system control?

A

Controls voluntary movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system control?

A

Controls involuntary responses, for example, digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the sympathetic division do?

A

Controls fight or flight response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the parasympathetic nervous system control?

A

Rest and digest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does an anticholinergic overdose look like?

A

High heart rate
High temperature
Dilated pupils
Absent bowel sounds
Dry skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does a cholinergic overdose look like?

A

Pinpoint pupils
Loud bowel sounds
Diaphoretic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does an opioid overdose look like?

A

Low heart rate
Low respiratory rate
Low temperature
Pinpoint pupils
Absent bowel sounds
Dry skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does a sympathomimetic overdose look like

A

High heart rate
High respiratory rate
High temperature
Dilated pupils
Bowel sounds
Diaphoretic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does a sedative-hypnotic overdose look like?

A

Low heart rate
Low respiratory rate
Low temperature
Absent bowel sounds
Dry skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where is acetaminophen absorbed and metabolized

A

Well-absorbed from the GI tract
Metabolized in liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Acetaminophen excretion and half-life

A

Excretion:
Renal Excretion: The majority of acetaminophen and its metabolites are excreted by the kidneys.

Half-life: The elimination half-life of acetaminophen is generally 1-3 hours in healthy individuals. However, in cases of overdose or liver impairment, the half-life can be significantly prolonged.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the mechanism of action of acetaminophen?

A

Acetaminophen works by inhibiting the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX) in the CNS specifically COX-2 which is involved in prostaglandin synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What pain relieving affects does acetaminophen help

A

Moderate pain, including headaches, muscle aches, toothaches, and osteoarthritis pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How does acetaminophen help fevers

A

Acetaminophen reduces fevers by acting on the hypothalamic heat regulated centre in the brain. It inhibits prostaglandin production in the hypothalamus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How long does it take for acetaminophen to work?

A

Acetaminophen takes 30 minutes to work and peak affect around 1 to 2 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How long does acetaminophen last in the body?

A

4 to 6 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is ASA’s class and route

A

Class: anti-platelet, NSAID, ANALGESIC
Route: PO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where is aspirin absorbed?

A

Stomach and upper small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which protein does aspirin bind to?

A

Plasma proteins, especially albumin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What barriers can aspirin cross?

A

Aspirin crosses the placenta also found in breastmilk
Also crosses blood brain barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the half-life of aspirin?
15 to 20 minutes
26
What is the mechanism of action for aspirin?
Aspirin blocks COX –1 and COX – 2 enzymes which reduces the production of 1. prostaglandins (chemicals that cause pain, fever, and inflammation) and 2. thromboxane A2 ( which promotes blood clotting)
27
True or false ASA relieves pain
True: aspirin reduces, mild to moderate pain by lowering prostaglandin levels
28
How does aspirin’s anti-platelet affect work?
Aspirin prevents blood clot formation by blocking thromboxane A2 in platelets. Which is why it prevents heart attacks and strokes.
29
How long does it take for ASA to work?
It takes 15 to 30 minutes to work
30
What is the duration of ASA‘s effects?
The analgesic affect last for about 4-6 hours The anti-platelet affect last from 7 to 10 days The anti-inflammatory affects last 1 to 2 hours
31
What class and route is dexamethasone
Class: Corticosteroids Route: PO/IV/IM
32
Where is Dex absorbed?
GI tract
33
When do the effects of Dex begin
1 – 2 hours after oral administration IV administered is almost immediately
34
What proteins does Dex bind to
70% bound to plasma proteins primarily albumin
35
Which crossing barriers does Dex take
Blood brain barrier Placenta Present in breast milk
36
Where is Dex metabolized?
Liver
37
What is the half life of Dex
3-4.5 hours and can last up to 36-54 hours
38
What is the mechanism of action of dexamethasone?
Dexamethasone is a glucocorticoid that binds to glucocorticoid receptors, regulating gene expression to reduce inflammation by decreasing cytokine and prostaglandin production and increasing anti-inflammatory proteins.
39
How potent is dexamethasone as an anti-inflammatory?
It is about 25–30 times more potent than cortisol, making it highly effective in reducing swelling, redness, and pain.
40
What are the immunosuppressive effects of dexamethasone?
It suppresses the immune system, helpful in autoimmune diseases and organ transplant rejection prevention. However, it increases infection risk.
41
What are the metabolic effects of dexamethasone?
It promotes gluconeogenesis, increasing blood glucose levels, which can lead to hyperglycemia, especially in diabetics.
42
How does dexamethasone affect the CNS?
It crosses the blood-brain barrier, reducing cerebral edema and being effective for brain tumors and head injuries.
43
What is the duration of action for dexamethasone?
While its half-life is 3–4.5 hours, its effects last 36–54 hours due to prolonged receptor binding and sustained gene regulation.
44
What is the class and route of dimenhydrinate?
Route: PO/IV Class: antihistamine and Antiemetic
45
How is dimenhydrinate absorbed after oral administration?
Absorbed quickly from the gastrointestinal tract
46
How long does it take for dimenhydrinate to work?
Effects start within 15–30 minutes and peak at around 1 hour.
47
Where is dimenhydrinate metabolized
It is metabolized primarily in the liver
48
What is the mechanism of action of dimenhydrinate
Blocks H1 histamine receptors in the brain, especially in areas controlling the vomiting center and vestibular system (balance)
49
How quickly does dimenhydrinate begin to work, and how long do its effects last?
Onset: Begins to work within 15–30 minutes when taken orally. Duration: Effects typically last 4–6 hours,
50
What are the anti-nausea and anti-emetic effects of dimenhydrinate?
Causes drowsiness due to its action on histamine and acetylcholine receptors.
51
David hydramine class and route
Class: antihistamine Route: PO/IV
52
How is diphenhydramine absorbed and distributed in the body?
Rapidly absorbed from the GI tract
53
How does diphenhydramine interact with plasma proteins and barriers?
• Protein Binding: 78–85% bound to plasma proteins (mainly albumin). • Barriers: Crosses the blood-brain barrier (causing sedation), placenta, and is excreted in breast milk.
54
What is the mechanism of action of diphenhydramine?
Blocks H1 histamine receptors to counteract allergic reactions. • Has anticholinergic effects, blocking acetylcholine receptors, which reduce nausea and motion sickness but can cause sedation and dry mouth.
55
What are the onset and duration of diphenhydramine’s effects?
Begins to work 15-30 mins and lasts 4-6 hours
56
Epinephrin class and route
Class; sympathomimetic agent Route: IM/IV/IH
57
What is the duration and start of beginning effects of EPI
IN works immediately IH 1-5 mins Effects last around 5-10 mins (half like 2-3 mins)
58
What barriers does EPI cross
Does not cross blood brain barrier but does affect CNS indirectly by influencing peripheral nervous system
59
What is the mechanism of action of epinephrine?
Epinephrine is a non-selective adrenergic agonist, meaning it activates both alpha- and beta-receptors. Its effects are: • Alpha-1 receptors: Constrict blood vessels, raising blood pressure and reducing swelling in anaphylaxis. • Beta-1 receptors: Increases heart rate and the strength of heart contractions, important in cardiac arrest. • Beta-2 receptors: Widens airways, helping with breathing in asthma attacks and anaphylaxis.
60
Route and class or glucagon
Route IM Class: glucose elevating agent
61
How long does it take glucagon to work
IM: 5-15 min
62
What does glucagon cross
Blood brain barrier
63
What is the half life of glucagon
3-10 min
64
How long do the effect of glucagon last
60-90 mins when given IM
65
Route and class of Advil
Route po Class: analgesic, NSAID
66
How long does Advil last and when does it start
Advil lasts 4-6 hours and starts at 30 mins Peak 1-2 hours
67
Ketorolac route and class
Route: IM/IV Class: antipyretic, NSAID
68
Ketorolac route and class
Route: IM/IV Class: antipyretic, NSAID
69
How long does it take for ketorolac to kick in
Rapidly but peak effect in the 30-60 mins Effects last mark it stays in the body for 4-6 hours
70
True or false: ketorolac passes the blood brain barrier
False
71
Narcan route and class
Route: IV/IM/IN/SQ Class: narcotic agonist
72
Nitroglycerin class and route
Route: SL Class: coronary vasodilator, smooth muscle relaxant, anti anginal
73
Ondansetron route and class
Class: 5-ht3 antagonist Route: po
74
When does Ondansetron in and How long does it last
Kicks in at 30 mins up to to 2 hours and the effects last 4 to 12 hours
75
Oxytocin
76
Oxytocin

Tinas Class (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions