week 7 Flashcards
concept reviews : what is resection ?
cutting something out
what is anastomosis
surgeon taken two hearts and sew them together
what is stoma
seeing intestine of that patient ( where feces comes out )
tenessmus
unpleasant and urgent situation sensation to deficate
what is melena , occult, blood and hematemesis
these all mean bleeding
this is blood not naked to the eye
hematemesis means vomiting out blood
describe hematemesis
throwing up blood
smell iron or copper
what does the stomach have ? ** hint talking abt acid
hydrochloric acid
although hydrochloric acid is good, name why this can be bad
when people have problems with stomach ulcers , this is a probelm, this is great when its doing good but it can also bring acid or ulcer from that acid
Pts with GI disorders often have what ?
chronic inflammation controlled by medications
chronic inflammation can what ?
flare up ( acute exacerbation ) and abscesses can from in the mucosal lining of the GI tract causing infection
if pts stop taking their meds , what could happen?
they can have an acute exacerbation of the disease or symptoms
true or false. bowel may be obstructed ( blocked ) which can indicate? ( bonus ) what ?
can indicate cancer and yes this is true
Diagnostic tests what are some ?
xray
ct
fecal occult blood test
scopes
describe why xray is utilize as a diagnostic test
xray - seeing free air on the abdominal xray
what is ct ?
fluid collections/pockets of fluid, abscesses
what is fecal occult blood test ?
this is non invasive and cheap, could mean that they may have cancer
define is this is a true statement : when a person has a xray of their abdomen, the air that is in the body ( should be inside of their stmach or bowl )
yes this is true, what this can show is air is not there ( its acc in the peritoneal cavity ) this is bad - hole in the bowel or stomach got out and just sitting in the cavity
describe scopes
look internally at the organ/tissues take pics inside of the intestines
scopes : in terms of biopsy
take a biopsy of that tissues - microscopic analysis - dx
endoscopic therpahy - is what ?
fix a bleed by embolizing it ( using chemical, heat/electricity/laser.bland/clip )
what is the only tool that can take photo and biopsy ?
scope
RN actions : assesments - focused GI/abdomen
look for pain that is getting worst, or has moved and is now constant
in terms of assessment - focused GI abdomen what undergoes this section ( what are we checking )
pain to abdomen, or rectum ( intermittent or constant ) location precipating factors
N and V , bloating/abdomen distended, belching, last bm , bowel sounds
what are we looking for in terms of BMs
frequency, consistency, appearance of stool, melena
true or false. ( bowel sounds, ( normal and good) if they do not have bowel sounds could be a couple of reasons
need to be told to ef or preceptor ( getting slower or maybe sometjing has happened )
true
is it important to know the pt’s weight and how it is trending?
yes it is important
in terms of nutrition, this is important to know when doing assesments : why ?
if eating may do daily calorie counts
true or false. pts emotions is also very important, such as emotional status/coping ( embarrassment, stress, fatigue level )
yes this is true
Fluid ( in and out ) balance and electrolyte levels remains to be an importance when it comes to rn actions
yes this is true
what are undergoes ng tubes care
prupose
rn care- maintain patency, drainage- assessing output
mouth care , security of ng taped to skin on nose
when it comes to skin care this is also something we should be assessing : why?
we need to know perineal care ( sitx baths ) - rectal area skin
skin around ostomy
skin around drains ( JP, hemovvac )
is it blood , is it green ( mouth care is important too ) when they arent eating or not drinking , their mouth is dead skin
usually wet , clorhexidine and brushing their teeth . is this a true statement when it comes to rn actions
yes this is true
what are problems that can happen
what are problems that can happen
low bp or high hr
adhesions
infection
poor nutritional status
bowels/intestine dont work
what undergoes low bp and high hr ( recall this is a problem that could occur )
hi output ( ++ diarrhea, bloodloss )
infection - abscesses - septic shock
hypovolemic and their heart rate goes up
develop infection
lower blood pressure and higher heart rate ( hgih fever and high wbc count ) those thing we are looking for. yes or no
yes
what undegoes adhesions
pain
cause future abd surgeries to be complicated
may cause bowel obstruction
what undergoes infection
cause: tissue breakdown
fever, wbc
what undergoes poor nutritional status
- Cause: Anorexia, pain, bowels don’t absorb nutrients * low serum Albumin,
true or false. bowel/intestine that dont work could be a problem that can happen
abdomen can be distended ( no bowel sounds, cramping abdomen ) this is true, this can happen
what are common medication uses when it comes to managing gastric acid secretion
antacid - maalox
H2 antagonist ( blocker ) - famotidine
gastric mucosal barrier fortier - sulcralate
PPi - esomeprazole
common medication uses motility bowel
speed it up - dulcolax, metoclopramide
slow it down - immodium
what is a common medication use for stool softener ?
colace
