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H & Illness 4: A & C illness > Week 2 : Nursing interventions for patients with altered gas exchange > Flashcards

Week 2 : Nursing interventions for patients with altered gas exchange Flashcards

1
Q

concept extension : gas exchange
what is the basic concept of 02 and C02 and how it contributes to gas exchange?

A

02 is transported to the cells and C02 away from cells ( via the bloodstream)

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2
Q

what does gas exchange require interaction between ?

A

interaction between neurologic, respiratory, and cardiovascular systems

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3
Q

what are the 3 important terms we must know in gas exchange.

A

ventilation
diffusion
perfusion

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4
Q

what is the definition of ventilation?

A

the process of inhaling oxygen into the lungs and exhaling carbon dioxide from the lungs

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5
Q

what are some examples of altered ventilation?

A

COPD ( bronchitis ), cancer, chest trauma

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6
Q

what is the definition of diffusion?

A

the movement of gases down their concentration gradients across the alveolar and capillary membranes

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7
Q

what are some examples of altered diffusion ?

A

copd ( emphysema ) lung infection

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8
Q

what is the definition of perfusion?

A

the ability of blood to transport oxygen containing hemoglobin to cell and return carbon dioxide containing hemoglobin to the alveoli

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9
Q

what is this describing : the ability of blood to transport oxygen-containing hemoglobin to cells and return carbon dioxide-containing hemoglobin to the alveoli

A

perfusion

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10
Q

what are some examples of altered perfusion?

A

pulmonary embolism, heart failure

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11
Q

what is this describing : interruption of the blood flow into the lungs . BONUS : what is the biggest example.

A

altered perfusion
biggest example : pulmonary embolism

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12
Q

what are some important ideas when it comes to gas exchange ** sees in the slide **

A

hypoxia, and hypercapnia

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13
Q

decreased gas exchange results in what ? ( name one )

A

inadequate transportation of 02 to body cells ( hypoxia )
- results in cell necrosis and death

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14
Q

recall that decreased gas exchange results :inadequate transportation of 02 to body cells ( hypoxia )
- results in cell necrosis and death.
what else ?

A

build of c02 combines with h20 to produce carbonic acid . ( Hypercapnia )
- results in respiratory acidosis and acid base imbalance

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15
Q

what is the value that is considered as hypoxemia
( oxyegnation failure )

A

Pa02 < or equal to 60 mm Hg on 60% oxygen

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16
Q

what is considered ( value ) as a hypercapnic ? ( ventilatory failure )

A

PaC02> 45 mm hg and pH <7.35

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17
Q

what is a intrapulmonary shunt vs a dead space ventilation ?

A

intrapulmonary shunt
perfusion without ventilation ( V=0 )

description : decrease in ventilation such as pulmonary edema and ARDS

pneumonia or atelactasis

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18
Q

what does VQ stands for ?

A

ventilation for v
perfusion for q

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19
Q

what is considered as normal ?

A

v and q matched

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20
Q

what is a dead space ventilation ?

A

ventilation without perfusion ( Q = 0)

decrease in perfusion - segmental PE
decrease in pefison - massive pulmonary embolism , right to left shunt severe pulmoanry arterial hypertension ( PAH )

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21
Q

think about why your patient is short of breath. what is happening that is causing this ? name one exmaple set in the slides

A

pneumonia affects gas exchange because alveoli are filled with infectious fluid causing inadequate ventilation

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22
Q

recall : pneumonia affects gas exchange because alveoli are filled with infectious fluid causing inadequate ventilation. what else is happening that might be causing shortness of breathe of your patient ?

A

High cervical spinal cord injury has decreased ventilation due to damage to the spinal nerves that control the diaphragm.

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23
Q

what would be the cause of inadequate ventilation ? ( name one in the slides )

A

mva with chest being crushed by steering wheel

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24
Q

true or false. COPD is not an example of inadequate ventilation?

A

false, it is.

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25
Q

explain copd and how it can cause inadequate ventilation

A

secretions that can narrow the airway/destruction to the alveoli
altered ventilation or diffusion is damaged

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26
Q

true or false. trauma / injury to function of the respiratory system
lung muscle itself ( this is going to cause problem to ventilation ) only coming in if the lung can expand

A

true

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27
Q

as we recall from last week recognizing , analyzing, prioritizng/planning, and taking action along with evaluating is important.

what should we look upon when we are recognizing those cues?

A

patient history
there age, and environment ( areas of high pollution, highly populated areas, extremes in weather, aging increases risk )

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28
Q

what elsee shoud we be recognizing as nurses when our patient has altered gas exchange ?

recall we know about patient history, age, and environment . What else ?

A

respiratory hx, smoking, vaping, drug use, travel, allergies

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29
Q

true or false. family hx and genetic risk ( questions such as is their any respiratory illnesses that run in family ( asthma ) that we should know when it comes to recognizing cues to our pt who happen to have altered gas exchange ?

A

true

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30
Q

apart from recognizing the patient’s history what else is important ?

A

patient symptoms this is still apart of that recognizing cues and altered gas exchange.

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31
Q

what are signs of altered gas exchange ?

A

changes in RR, o2 sats, RR pattern
abnormal breath sounds
cough +/- sputum
dyspnea/orthopnea/chest pain

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32
Q

true or false. it is important to listen to bilateral and upper and lower lobes ( to hear airway entry )

A

true

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33
Q

true or false. a patient who has altered gas exchange , there breathing is worst when they lay own, therefore what should our non pharmacological intervention be ?

A

needing pillows to put their head up

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34
Q

what else are signs of altered gas exchange?

A

cyanosis, anxious ( could be red as well )
anxious/eyes are big
nervous

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35
Q

apart of recognizing cues : is analyzing data
what would you look for in your assesment ?

A

vital signs
inspection
palpation
is there any work of breathing ?

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36
Q

recall that within recognizing cues comes with analyzing data
what type of diagnostic tests should we be looking at for someone who has an altered gas exchange ?

A

ABGs
cbc ( rbc, hgb)
sputum culture
skin ( tb )
imaging ( cxr, Ct, Vq scan )
bronchoscopy*, thoracentesis

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37
Q

true or false. symmetry , should expand symmetrically ( if not further investigation is required) bonus: what could this indicate?

A

true and could indicate trauma

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38
Q

what is this describing ? common test to see a respiratory disroder

A

thoracentesis

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39
Q

define the scientific deinfition for thoracentesis

A

needle aspiration of pleural fluid or air from the pleural space

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40
Q

what could be happening if there is fluid in the pleural space?

A

interfering with ventilation if there are fluid pressing on them

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41
Q

what is alectasis?

A

collapsed of the lung

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42
Q

what could be happening post procedure ( thoracentesis )

A

cxr
vital signs ( make sure there is air entry , make sure to check bilaterally )
assess lung sounds
risks : infection, tension pneumothorax

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43
Q

why would we want a chest xray after thoracentesis?

A

to see if anything is damaged

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44
Q

what position would help breathe better for a pt?

A

tripod position ( leaning over the bedside table )

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45
Q

what is tension pneumothorax?

A

opening in the pleural space in which allows air in , causing it to collapse - this is a big respiratory problem

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46
Q

what is the worst case scenerio that could happen to a pt who has an altered gas exchange?

A

worse case scenario is resp failure

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47
Q

resp failure could be due to what ?

A

ventilation failure, oxygenation failure or combination of both

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48
Q

what are mild, moderate, and severe impairment like ?

A

mild impairment –> changes to vital signs
moderate impairment –> changes to blood work
severe impairment –> changes to tissue perfusion

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49
Q

what could we do as inteventions when we have mild impairment ?

A

change position

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50
Q

for a moderate impairment we could measure P02 by abg

A

true

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51
Q

for severe impairment what do we see?

A

changes in tissue perfusion ( things like cyanosis )

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52
Q

what stats drops too much - changes in _____ can indicate what ?

A

blood work ( hypoxemia )
the value we consider is sats below 92%
P02 is less than 60

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53
Q

what is an example of urgent problem ?

A

pulmonary embolism

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54
Q

what is pe ?

A

blockage of pulmonary artery by thrombus ( dead space )
commonly caused by dvt that breaks off and travels to lungs

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55
Q

what can pe be caused by ?

A

caused by fat embolism, can cause by air, commonly the reasonhas dvt and broke off and travelled to the lungs

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56
Q

what are the symptoms of pe

A

sudden onset of dyspnea, stabbing chest pain, apprehension, restlessness, cough, hemoptysis, crackles, abnormal lung sounds, diaphoresis, increase in RR, increase in HR, increase in temp, and decrease in 02 sats , petechiae over chest

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57
Q

true or false. decrease air entry in one entry , crackles can be caused by fluid. there is fluid due to inflammation as damage tissues causes inflammation.

A

true

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58
Q

why might you be feeling sharp and stabbing chest pain when you have pe

A

this is ishcemia ( we have it in the lungs ) there is tissues that is not getting perfusion

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59
Q

altered gas exchange : take action
what can we do ?
there are 5 things we need to remember

A
  1. optimize oxygenation
  2. optimize ventilation
  3. administer medications
  4. manage secretions
  5. optimize nutrition
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60
Q

what should we do if the gas exchange is not working , and we need intervention

A

oxygen
nasal prongs
face mask
bag with non debrief
[pressurize oxygen
do not add humidity to non debrief

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61
Q

what is a pressurize oxygenation

A

force into the lungs, into the airways if none has worked based on the oxygenation saturation

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62
Q

optimizing oxygeneation is important what undergoes this characteristic ?

A

monitor oxygen saturation , supplemental oxygen as needed
nasal prongs–> masks

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63
Q

what should u do if u are increasing the oxygen of your patient

A

if you are increasing their oxygen , you need to notify someone ( that pt is detoriating )

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64
Q

Which statements about oxygen and oxygen therapy are true? Select all that apply.
* A. Clients must provide informed consent to receive oxygen therapy.
* B. Excessive oxygen use is a contributing cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
* C. In nonemergency situations, a health care provider’s prescription is needed for oxygen therapy.
* D. Oxygen can explode when handled improperly.
* E. Oxygen is a beneficial element but can harm lung tissue.
* F. Unless humidity is added, therapy with oxygen dries the upper and lower mucous membranes.

A

c, e, f

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65
Q

The nurse is caring for a client with a possible pulmonary embolism who has symptoms of chest pain and difficulty breathing. The nurse assesses a heart rate of 142, BP 100/60 mm Hg, and respirations of 42 breaths/minute. Which of the following actions should the nurse implement first?
a. Elevate the head of the bed to 45–60 degrees. b. Administer the ordered pain medication.
c. Notify the client’s health care provider.
d. Offer emotional support and reassurance.

A

a

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66
Q

altered gas exchange : take action
what can we do ?
what undergoes optimizing ventilation

A

positioning
breathing techniques
incentive spirometry
exercise therapy
mechanical ventilation
surgeries/procedures

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67
Q

what is the best position that allows for maximum lung expansion?

A

tripod position

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68
Q

what is the prone position?

A

lying face down

69
Q

name some breathing techniques we can utulize for an altered gas exchange patient

A

purse lip breaathing, trying to slow down their breathing

70
Q

what does incentive spirometry mean ?

A

this is for pneumonia or collapsed airway ( not expanding their lungs ) so they have a higher risk of alectasis or penumonia therefore this helps

71
Q

what is pulmonary rehab ?

A

maximize the muscle they have

72
Q

what is huff breathing?

A

slow deep breaths and the huff is the exhalation
trying to gett excretion of the lungs ( mobilize ) usually ppl with copd

73
Q

what is mechanical ventilation

A

they can become depenent so we hesitant on doing this
muscle weaken even more if they are dependent

74
Q

what are some procedure/surgeries that increase ventilation

A

tracheostomy ( alternative way )
thoracentesis ( remove fluid from around lung )
chest tube ( drain fluid/air from around lung )

75
Q

true or false. lung volume reduction surgery can help increase ventilation?
bonus : how does this help?

A

remove hyper inflated lung tissue containing stagnant air where no gas exchange occurs

76
Q

true or false. trancheostomy can be permanent or temporary ( inflammation adn osbstruction in the upper airway not adequate ventiation )

A

true

77
Q

true or false. for lung volume reduction surgery ( gas exhcange is not occuring and when that part is gone that kung tissue is working can actually expand )

A

true

78
Q

what type of medication can we adminsiter ? ( name 3 )

A

antibiotics - amoxicillin rifampicin
SABA’s/LABA’s- Ventolin/Serevent
* Anticholinergics- Atrovent

79
Q
  • Anticholinergics- Atrovent
  • Corticosteroid: Fluticasone
  • Diuretics: Furosemide
  • Analgesics: Morphine, Fentanyl
    can be use to administer medication
    for altered gas exchange
A

true

80
Q

how do we consider to take iv or oral ?

A

depends on the severity of the infection , need supplemental oxygen or more supportive care ( works quickly )

81
Q

what is rifampicin ?

A

treat lung infection ( contagious ) or tb

82
Q

recall that managing secretions is important when a pt has altered gas exchange, what undergoes this ?

A

db & C
suctioning
hydration

83
Q

where do we suction?

A

in the mouth or the nose back of the throat for children ( down a breathing tube )

84
Q

true or false, drink 2 a day to thin secretions ( so no airway contractions )

A

true

85
Q

what is our pt typically when they have altered gas exchange ( hint talkng abt a weight )

A

malnourish

86
Q

optimizing nutrtion is important in taking action what undergoes this

A

rest before meals
bronchodilator prior to meal
frequent small meals
high calorie, high protein

87
Q

altered gas exchange : evaluate/educate
did it help ?
give 3 ( keep in mind thsi si a chronic illness )

A

pace and plan adls with rest periods ( conserve energy conversation require may be reduced to imporve lung health )
encourage smoking cessation
promote hand hygience and stay away from corwds

88
Q

true or false. Review medication schedule and understand their use and how to take inhalers properly.
Exercise using pursed lip breathing. Walking daily for 20 min is best.

A

true

89
Q

can infection lead a person with altered gas echange to the hospital ?

A

yes

90
Q

true or false. if symptoms are not improoving ( medications may need to be stronger or different )

A

true

91
Q

cancer in RESP tract
exemplar :1 upper airway - laryngeal
what does early stages look like and what about late stages

A

Early stages
* Lump in neck, sore throat, hoarseness
Late stages
* Pain, dysphagia, airway obstruction, * SOB, Weight loss, unilateral ear pain, numbness

92
Q

stridor and wheezing is not present in the early stages of cancer in resp system

A

false it is

93
Q

where canu find wheezing and stridor

A

lower down for wheezing
stridor for upper

94
Q

true or false. laryngeal cancer
early cancer not a lot of symptoms ( laryngeal nerve can cause hoarseness )
changes in the boice may be seen more symptomatoc

A

true

95
Q

Lower Airway- Lung
cancer in resp system

A

Symptoms appear late in the disease process.
* persistent cough, blood tinged
sputum, wheezing, chest pain, weight loss, dyspnea

96
Q

sign of pulonary emoblism ( blood tinged sputum ) ***
how do we know if its cancer or pe ?

A

vital signs
ct scan
cancer comes on slowly ( not sudden change )

97
Q

why is it only unilateral ear pain

A

nerves is damaged

98
Q

pe is more stable with vital signs and cancer is not

A

false the other way around

99
Q

what is worst case scanerio for someone who has cancer in resp system

A

airway obstruction

100
Q

what would this look like ?
** airway obstruction **

A

stridor
acc muscle use
wheezing
restlessness
tachycardia
cyanosis

101
Q

which one would be more concering , inspiration or expiration when it comes to airway obstriction on someone who has cancer in resp system ?

A

inspiration is more concerned ( the progression is inaudible or audible )
if i can hear wheezes with stehoscope but if not then thats worst ( in distress )

102
Q

cancers in respiratory tract are treated with one or combinatin of the following medical interventions

A

radiation
chemo
biotheraphy
laser surgery
surgery

103
Q

ppl are at risk for thick secretion ( which can worsen airway ) when they have cancer in resp trat , how can we manage ?

A

by managing their secretions through suctioning and hydration

104
Q

what is a surgery for laryngeal cancer

A

entire larynx/vocal chords removed
permanent stoma created in neck
require alternate method to talk

105
Q

is there a such thing such as a partial surgery for laryngeal cancer?

A

yes

106
Q

altered gas exchange : nursing inteventions post partial laryngectomy

A

optimizen oxygenation
optimize ventilation
- position midline/HOB elevated ( for positioning keep it midline –> keep it elevated ( secretions to drain)

adminiter medication
-pain medication

107
Q

exemplar: cancer in resp system
nursing interventions post partial laryngectomy

re-call that optimizing oxygenation, optimize ventilation ( position midline/HOB elevated )
adminsiter medication ( pain medication )

what else?

A

manage secretions
- suction to keep stoma clear
optimize nutrtion
- prvent aspiration
-npo for 24-48 hours then tube feed
- must re-learn how to swallow
physio ( prevent frozen shoulder )

108
Q

true or false. emotional support ( risk for depression can be seen with post partial larygectomy therefore managing this is also important.

A

true

109
Q

what would be normal that can look like a risk when we are trying to manage secretions? ( in post partial laryngectomy )

A

blood tinged would be normal since there is trauma, suction very frequntly so there is an open airway

110
Q

true or false. neevr go back to a full diet - becasue swallowing might be a problem ( post partial laryngectomy )

A

true

111
Q

altered gas exchange : exemplar #1 cancer in resp system

what undergoes voice restoration/voice rehabilitation

A

vocal cords gone
communicate using pen/paper or communication board immediately post op

112
Q

define if these undergoes the voice restoration/voice rehabilitation

possible options for voice restoration
- electrolarynx
-esophageal speech
-prosthetic voice device

A

all

113
Q

what does electrolarynx
esophageal speech
prosthetic voice device

A

they talk using esophagus
forcing air up learning how to make sounds
acts like a voice box

114
Q

exemplar #1 : cancer in resp system

what undergoes stoma
nutrition

define the description

A

stoma- airway safety
- cover for protection
-humidification

nutrition
- difficulty with eating/chewing
-can’t smell

115
Q

what undergoes environmental hazards/safety for altered gas exchange ( someone who has cancer in resp system )

A

smoke detectors, medic alert bracelet, when to seek help

psychological support for altered lifestyle.

116
Q

altered gas echange : take action
exemplar #1 : cancer in resp system
a) surgery for lung cancer
a) thoracotomy with b ) lobectomy
what is the description

A

(a)Surgical opening into thoracic cavity, part of lung removed, incision is large and cuts into bone, muscle, and cartilage

(b) removal of one lobe of lung, most common lung sx

  • Pt will have postoperative insertion of chest tubes
117
Q

post op care for thoracotomy
what should we monitor ?

A

monitor respiratory status
monitor chest tube
position changes ( semi fowlers or up in chair as soon as possible )

118
Q

so recall
o Monitor respiratory status– treat hypoxia with O2
o Monitor chest tube and collection device
o Position changes (semi fowlers or up in chair as soon as possible)
is important in post op care for thoracotomy
what else?

A

assist with db & c / incentive spirometry, encourage early mobility
optimal pain management
monitor for s/s infection at surgical site or of pleural fluid ( empyema)

119
Q

what does incentive spirometru prevent ?

A

to prevent alectasis

120
Q

what is empyema ?

A

infection inside the pleural space- drainage into the chest tube

121
Q

what is thoracotomy ?

A

drain from the fluid cavity without air going back in

122
Q

exemplar #1 : cacner in resp system
what is emphysema and empyema

A

emphysema - damage to the lung ( alveoli damage )
empyema - infection

123
Q

what are some discharge teaching for lung cancer

A

signs and symptoms of progression, recurrent disease, when to seek medical care
- home oxygen - safe use
-encourage smoking cessation ( patient and family )
- pain management
-palliation ( cannot cure switch modes to palliative care )

124
Q

altered gas exchange : what is the second exemplar ?

A

thoracic trauma ( pulmonary contusion )

125
Q

what is thoracic trauma ? ( pulmonary contusion )

A

common chest injury that occurs in car crashes where hemorrhage and edema occur in and between alveoli

126
Q

what are cues of thoracic trauma ( pulmonary contusion )

A

decreased breath sounds crackles and wheezes over affected area, brusing, tatchy, tatchypnea

127
Q

true or false. thoracic trauma can lead to resp failure if severe

A

true

128
Q

what is the treatment for thoracic trauma (pulmonary contusion )

A

bruise resorption sometimes occurs without treatment. Oxygen, iv fluids, increae HOB . if severe may need ventilator in ICU.

129
Q

name an example of a thoracic trauma ( pulmonary contusion )

A

gunshot wounds or stab wound

130
Q

reduced ventilation is seen when respiratory failure is severe ( not taking enough deep breaths )

A

true

131
Q

If sat is not high enough (may need fluid if blood if lost)

A

true

132
Q

whats another exemplar for altered gas exchange

A

chest trauma ( flail chest )

133
Q

what is chest trauma ( flail chest )

A

results from multiple rib fractures, causing instability of the chest wall

134
Q

what are the cues for chest trauma

A

paradoxical chest movement
- during inspiration, the affected portion is sucked in, and during expiration, it bulges out
- prevents adequate ventilation of the lung in the injured area

135
Q

true or false. If its unilateral paradoxical chest movement

A

true

136
Q

what is the treatment for chest trauma ( flail chest )

A

oxygen, pain control, DB & C, ribs will heal on own in time
- may require ICU and intubation

137
Q

what is chest trauma (hemo/pneumothorax)

A

presence of air/blood in the pleural space

138
Q

what are the three different kind of presence of air/blood in the pleural space ( chest trauma ) hemo/pneumothorax

A

closed or open pneumothorax
tension pneumothorax
hemothorax

139
Q

what is a closed pneumothorax?

A

when we have air inside that pleural space but no trauma

140
Q

what is an open pneumothorax

A

stab wound, lung collapses

141
Q

what is tension pneumothorax?

A

significant one ( air pressure ) collapsing the lung, affecting the heart ( cardiac output )

142
Q

what is the best way to evacuate any extra air ?

A

ches tube - it allows chest to expand

143
Q

what are the cues for small chest trauma ( hemo/pneumothorax )

A

mild tatchycardia and dyspnea

144
Q

what are the cues for large chest trauma ( hemo/pneumothorax )

A

respi distress, including shallow, rapid respirations, dyspnea, air hunger, decreased oxygen saturation, no breath sounds on ausculation

145
Q

what is a tension pneumothorax ( this is still considered as a chest trauma )

A

medical emerg

146
Q

what is chest trauma ( tension pneumothorax )
- medical emergency

A

rapid accumulation of air in pleural space ( air enters during inspiration and does not exit ), causing mediastinal shift leading to pressure on vena cava/aorta

147
Q

what is the cues for chest trauma ( tension pneumothorax )

A

inadequate cardiac output
hypoxemia
death

148
Q

negative impact on the cardiac system

what are the signs

A

sudden drop
heart rate high
blood pressure low
oxygen levels low
if no intervention - cannot survive ( this is a medical emerg )

149
Q

what would you if small hemothorax and patient is hemodynamically stable ?

A

no treatment is necessary

150
Q

for larger pneumothorax or hemothorax or tension pneumothorax

A

chest tubes are inserted

151
Q

for tension pneumo what do we do in terms of treatment

A

immediate aspiration of pleural space with large bore needle may be required until chest tubes can be inserted

152
Q

what does chest tube do ?

chest trauma**

A

drain placed in the pleural space allows lung re- expansion and prevents air and fluid from returning to the chest

153
Q

if you are trying to get rid of fluid are you looking at the top of the lungs or bottom?

A

bottom

154
Q

what are the nursing interventions for COPD ex
exacerbation

A

supplemental 02 to maintain sats 88-92%
tripod position, breathing exercises

155
Q

what type of medications are we giving copd patients as an interventions?

A

antibiotics, analgesia ( prn ), oral meds ( steroid ) –> systemic steroid may help with this exacerbation

156
Q

true or false. it is not recommended to encourage 2L/day, meds to thin secretions for a copd patient, since it can cuase fluid overfluid.

A

false, it is encourage 2L/day, meds to thin secretions as a nursing intervention for copd exacerbation

157
Q

what type of nutrients are we trying to give a copd pt

A

several small meals a day ( high calorie & high protein )

158
Q

define if all the following are appropriate for a copd patient

Oxygen saturation stabilizes above 90%
Discharged on tapering dose of oral steroids
Education on COPD exacerbation triggers, inhaler technique, smoking cessation (if applicable), exercise therapy

A

all

159
Q

bronscopy

A

is the insertion of the tube in the airway

160
Q

what does bronscopy include

A

it can include View airway structures and obtain
tissue samples

161
Q

true or false. bronscopy diagnose and manage pulmonary diseases?

A

true

162
Q

pre procedure what are u looking for : bronscopy

A

cbc, plt, ptt, lytes, cxr, npo for 4-8 hrs

163
Q

post procedure what are you looking for : bronscopy

A

monitor until sedation wears off
ensure gag prior to eating/drinking

164
Q

what are the risks for bronscopy

A

risk of bleeding, infection, hypoxemia , hemoptosis

165
Q

true or false. pts who have undergone bronscopy are more risk of what ?

A

falls because of sedation

166
Q

in order to see if sedation has worn off what should we do in terms of bronscopy?

A

use a popsicle if it has been touched ( theyll gagged )

dont give them food or fluid ( need gag reflex to be intact

167
Q

true or false. sticking a foregin object can cause bleeding becaue of perforation
( small risk ) but it is a possibility ( bronscopy

A

true

168
Q

increasd work of breathing and increased in rr can be seen within bronscopy

A

true

169
Q

is this a true statement ? whenever a tube goes down the airway or esophagus u worry about asipiration
gag reflex ( going down the throat ) for hthat reason we always fast people ( nopo) prior to these type of tests

A

true

H & Illness 4: A & C illness (21 decks)

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