Week 2 : Nursing interventions for patients with altered gas exchange Flashcards
concept extension : gas exchange
what is the basic concept of 02 and C02 and how it contributes to gas exchange?
02 is transported to the cells and C02 away from cells ( via the bloodstream)
what does gas exchange require interaction between ?
interaction between neurologic, respiratory, and cardiovascular systems
what are the 3 important terms we must know in gas exchange.
ventilation
diffusion
perfusion
what is the definition of ventilation?
the process of inhaling oxygen into the lungs and exhaling carbon dioxide from the lungs
what are some examples of altered ventilation?
COPD ( bronchitis ), cancer, chest trauma
what is the definition of diffusion?
the movement of gases down their concentration gradients across the alveolar and capillary membranes
what are some examples of altered diffusion ?
copd ( emphysema ) lung infection
what is the definition of perfusion?
the ability of blood to transport oxygen containing hemoglobin to cell and return carbon dioxide containing hemoglobin to the alveoli
what is this describing : the ability of blood to transport oxygen-containing hemoglobin to cells and return carbon dioxide-containing hemoglobin to the alveoli
perfusion
what are some examples of altered perfusion?
pulmonary embolism, heart failure
what is this describing : interruption of the blood flow into the lungs . BONUS : what is the biggest example.
altered perfusion
biggest example : pulmonary embolism
what are some important ideas when it comes to gas exchange ** sees in the slide **
hypoxia, and hypercapnia
decreased gas exchange results in what ? ( name one )
inadequate transportation of 02 to body cells ( hypoxia )
- results in cell necrosis and death
recall that decreased gas exchange results :inadequate transportation of 02 to body cells ( hypoxia )
- results in cell necrosis and death.
what else ?
build of c02 combines with h20 to produce carbonic acid . ( Hypercapnia )
- results in respiratory acidosis and acid base imbalance
what is the value that is considered as hypoxemia
( oxyegnation failure )
Pa02 < or equal to 60 mm Hg on 60% oxygen
what is considered ( value ) as a hypercapnic ? ( ventilatory failure )
PaC02> 45 mm hg and pH <7.35
what is a intrapulmonary shunt vs a dead space ventilation ?
intrapulmonary shunt
perfusion without ventilation ( V=0 )
description : decrease in ventilation such as pulmonary edema and ARDS
pneumonia or atelactasis
what does VQ stands for ?
ventilation for v
perfusion for q
what is considered as normal ?
v and q matched
what is a dead space ventilation ?
ventilation without perfusion ( Q = 0)
decrease in perfusion - segmental PE
decrease in pefison - massive pulmonary embolism , right to left shunt severe pulmoanry arterial hypertension ( PAH )
think about why your patient is short of breath. what is happening that is causing this ? name one exmaple set in the slides
pneumonia affects gas exchange because alveoli are filled with infectious fluid causing inadequate ventilation
recall : pneumonia affects gas exchange because alveoli are filled with infectious fluid causing inadequate ventilation. what else is happening that might be causing shortness of breathe of your patient ?
High cervical spinal cord injury has decreased ventilation due to damage to the spinal nerves that control the diaphragm.
what would be the cause of inadequate ventilation ? ( name one in the slides )
mva with chest being crushed by steering wheel
true or false. COPD is not an example of inadequate ventilation?
false, it is.