Week 7

Question 1

Describe the Raising America Program

Answer 1

“Perry” children received high quality education
* Lowering need for special education
* After 40 years, these children are more likely to graduate from high school, more likely to have a job, less likely to commit crime
* Governments make a profit from investing in childcare (ROI 7-10%)

Question 2

What are the stages to the Cognitive Development Theory?

Answer 2

• Gender Identity (~30 months)
• Gender Stability (~3-4 years old)
• Gender Constancy (5-7 years old)

Question 3

Describe the Gender Schema Theory

Answer 3

• Children construct mental models of gender as social categories
• Children prefer/pay attention to and remember more about objects/behavior associated with their own gender
• Labels play a role
• Gender schemas affect memory

Question 4

What is the Social Identity Theory?

Answer 4

• Gender as ingroup
• Tendency for ingroup assimilation

Question 5

What are the factors involved in the Social Cognitive Theory?

Answer 5

• Tuiton
• Enactive expereience
• Modeling
• Parent talk

Question 6

What are the milestones of gender development?

Answer 6

• 6-9 months: can differentiate male and female faces
• 18-24 months: forms expectations about gender associations for objects and behaviors
• 2-3 years: labels themselves “boy” or “girl”
• 3 years: identifies toys as “for boys” or “for girls”
• 6-12 years: achieved gender constancy, more flexible in stereotypes, recognize gender discrimination
• Adolescence: gender role intensification

Question 7

What is the main finding of Crowley’s science musuem explanation study?

Answer 7

Boys tend to hear more explanations from their parents than girls at science museums

Question 8

What is the main finding of Monschein et al.’s crawling study?

Answer 8

Parents of girls are more likely to understimate infants’ skill at crawling than parents of boys

Question 9

Describe Bian et al.’s study

Answer 9

Study on when the stereotype that males = brilliant emerge and how it influence children’s interests

Question 10

What were the results and findings of Bian et al.’s study?

Answer 10

• 5-year-olds: both genders choose ingroup members as smart
• 6 to 7-year-olds: boys continue to choose boys; girls less likely to choose girls
• School achievement is not correlated with perceptions of brilliance