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Developmental Psychology > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Which senses develop in the womb?

A
  • Sight
  • Smell
  • Taste
  • Hearing
  • Touch
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2
Q

How do we know these senses develop in the womb?

A
  • Sight: minimal, not much to see
  • Smell: fetuses can smell amniotic fluid
  • Taste: amniotic fluid varies in flavor, fetuses prefer sweet
  • Hearing: very noisy in the womb
  • Touch: fetuses rub their faces, grab umbilical cords, suck their thumbs
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3
Q

How do stem cells function?

A

Stem cells are plastic, taking on the same functions as their neighbors

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4
Q

How do neurons function?

A

Neurons follow their own genetic code and are not plastic

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5
Q

Describe the “Telephone Lines” metaphor

A

Neurons form networks and communicate with each other like telephone lines between phones

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6
Q

What does phase 1 of the “Telephone Lines” metaphor involve?

A

Neurons follow specified genetic blueprint to set up connections between large regions (eg. New York and Boston)

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7
Q

What does phase 2 of the “Telephone Lines” metaphor involve?

A

Neurons follow experience-based input: connections that are used often are strengthened and unused connections are pruned

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8
Q

What are the consequences of premature brains in preemies?

A

Preemies go on to develop issues with planning and school performance

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9
Q

Describe the sensitivity of preemies

A

Preemies are hypersensitive

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10
Q

What is a research idea to help preemies with a premature brain?

A

Create a NICU to mimic womb conditions:
* Quiet
* Dark
* Skin-to-skin contact so infants can hear mom’s heartbeat

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11
Q

What is the result of this research idea?

A

Premature brains follow normal development trends

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12
Q

How should one address baby cataract surgically? Why?

A

Need to have surgery to remove cataract ASAP to develop visual system normally as unused neural connections get pruned

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13
Q

How should one address baby cataract practically? Why?

A

Need to have a patch over the good eye otherwise the good eye will do all the work and create its own brain connections, whereas connections for processing visual stimuli from the bad eye will not develop properly

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14
Q

What is the result of using these techniques to address baby cataract?

A

Brain catches up quickly, improving up to the 1st birthday but still lags a bit behind

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15
Q

How much do newborns sleep compared to young adults?

A

Newborns sleep twice as much as young adults

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16
Q

Describe the Auto-Stimulation Theory

A

Newborns engage a lot in REM (active) sleep to make up for lack of visual stimulation to help develop visual system

17
Q

Name 4 methods to soothe crying

A
  • Rocking
  • Patting
  • Driving in car
  • Swaddling
18
Q

Describe adults’ ability to discriminate between faces (human and monkey)

A

Adults can discriminate between human faces but not monkey faces

19
Q

Describe 9-month-olds’ ability to discriminate between faces (human and monkey)

A

9-month-olds can discriminate between human faces but not monkey faces

20
Q

Describe 6-month-olds’ ability to discriminate between faces (human and monkey)

A

6-month-olds can discriminate between both human and monkey faces

21
Q

What did Sugita study?

A

Studied innate face perception capabilities in monkeys by rearing monkeys without face exposure then exposing them to faces

22
Q

How did Sugita measure monkey’s face perception capabilities

A

They used preferential looking and visual paired comparison

23
Q

What were the results of Sugita’s study?

A

Monkeys prefer face-like stimuli and can distinguish between familiar and novel faces

24
Q

What else did Sugita find?

A

Monkeys also exhibit preference for the type of face they were first exposed to (either human or monkey)

25
Q

What is perceptual narrowing?

A

Infants start out with broad perception capabilities that are fine-tuned or narrowed by their experiences

26
Q

Where is perceptual narrowing evident?

A

Perceptual narrowing is evident in visual perception difference between 6-month-olds and 9-month-olds

27
Q

Can looking at monkeys in picture books prevent perceptual narrowing?

A

Yes, but only if faces are learned at the individual level (with names)

Developmental Psychology (9 decks)

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