week 7 Flashcards
name some indications for ventilation
respiratory failure
post-operative
head injuries
polytrauma
spinal injury
airway obstruction
what are the 3 most common indications for mechanical ventilation
inadequate oxygenation
inadequate ventilation
inability to protect the airway
what are the 3 types of intubation
endotracheal tubes
tracheostomy
nasal endotracheal
what are some of the complications with ventilation
CVS instability
barotrauma
V/Q mismatch
discomfort
excess secretions/infection
complications of high O2
gut and bowel dysfunction
weakened respiratory muscles
what are the two types of ventilation
pressure controlled
volume controlled
what is pressure controlled ventilation
the gas will be delivered and cause inspiration until a certain pre-set pressure is reached and then expiration is allowed to happen passively
what is volume controlled ventilation
a pre set volume of gas is delivered during inspiration and once it has all been delivered expiration is allowed to occur
what is PEEP
positive end expiratory pressure
what is the primary role of physiotherapy on critical care
maintenance and improvement of cardiorespiratory status
maintenance of musculoskeletal function
optimisation of neurological status
what is the extended role of a physiotherapist on critical care
weaning/liberating patients from ventilation
extubating/decannulation
troubleshooting mechanical ventilation problems
how can we increase lung volumes
positioning
mobilisation
breathing exercises
incentive spirometry
IPPB
clearways/cough assist
neurophysiological facilitation
CPAP
what is PEEP
pressure maintained in the alveoli at the end of expiration to prevent alveolar and airway collapse
what does CPAP stand for?
continuous positive airway pressure
What does CPAP do
provides positive pressure but with no mandatory breaths so the patient has to breathe spontaneously
how does CPAP improve gas exchange
it increases functional residual capacity by splinting open alveoli
what is PEEP required for
to hold the alveoli open at the end of expiration otherwise they would collapse
name some techniques to increase lung volume in critical care
positioning
neurophysiological facilitation
manual hyperinflation
ventilator hyperinflation
