week 6

Question 1

what is a stoma

Answer 1

any surgical opening from the inside to the outside of the body

Question 2

what is a tracheostomy

Answer 2

an opening into the trachea

Question 3

what is a tracheotomy

Answer 3

surgical creation of an opening into the trachea

Question 4

give some indications for a tracheostomy

Answer 4

if there is an obstruction ( blockage) or potential for obstruction in the upper airway
swallowing issues as there is a high risk of aspirating
to enable easier clearance of secretions via suctioning
during or after surgery if the airway needs protection from aspiration or swelling

Question 5

name some complications of suctioning

Answer 5

hypoxia/hypoxaemia
vasovagal stimulation/cardiac arrest/arrhythmias
tissue trauma to the tracheal and/or bronchial mucosa and/or pulmonary haemorrhage/bleeding
atelectasis
bronchospasm
infection
raised ICP
increased or decreased BP
interruption in mechanical ventilation
pneumothorax
psychological effects/anxiety

Question 6

how can you minimise risk of complications when suctioning

Answer 6

give supplemental oxygen before and after
limit the procedure time
choose correct catheter size and good design
choose correct suction pressure
do not trombone, twist or twirl the catheter
use a sterile technique
wear apron, gloves and visor
suction only when necessary
select patient carfully
be prepared and observe patient before, during and after

Question 7

how do you calculate correct catheter size

Answer 7

take the tracheostomy tube size deduct 2 and then times by 2