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Phys > Week 7 > Flashcards

Week 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the presentation of gastroesophageal varices? (3)

A

History of alcoholism
hematemesis
profound anemia

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2
Q

Esophageal varices are associated with condition?

A

portal hypertension

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3
Q

What is the prognos

A
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4
Q

Dumping syndrome is seen after what surgery?

A

Gastric bypass

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5
Q

What happens in dumping syndrome?

A

Hyperosmolar contents of the stomach are dumped into the small intestine
osmotic shift of water goes into the lumen and diarrhea

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6
Q

What condition causes dumping syndrome?

A

loss of pyloric sphincter regulation

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7
Q

After what is dumping syndrome common?

A

gastrectomy and gastric surgery for ulcers or cancer

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8
Q

Stomatitis may be caused by what treatment?

A

chemo

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9
Q

What are some causes of stomatitis?

A

Pathogenic organisms, trauma
chemical irritants chemotherapy, radiation nutritional deficiencies
autoimmune disorders idiopathic

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10
Q

What are acute herptic stomatitis called?

A

cold sores from HSV

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11
Q

Acute herpetic stomatitis s/s (4)

A

Fever
Pharyngitis
Prodromal tingling/ itching
Vesicles on erythematous base that rupture, leaving a painful ulcer

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12
Q

What is the prognosis of esophageal varices?

A

high mortality

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13
Q

Necrotizing enterocolitis occurs in what population?

A

preemies

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14
Q

Signs of necrotizing enterocolitis

A

diffuse/patchy intestinal necrosis and sepsis
distended abdomen
intestinal perforation

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15
Q

causes of ecrotizing enterocolitis

A

bowel ischemia
perinatal oxygen deficit

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16
Q

Ulcerative Colitis increases the risk for what?

A

cancer

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17
Q

Ulcerative Colitis’s hallmark clinical manifestations are

A

bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain

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18
Q

A change in bowel habits is a warning sign for wat?

A

colon cancer

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19
Q

Colon Cancer stats

A

second only to lung cancer

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20
Q

Colon Cancer risk factors are: (5)

A

increase after age 40
high fat, low fiber
polyps
chronic irritation
hereditary

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21
Q

What is Familial adenomatous polyposis?

A

At least three close relatives with colorectal cancer, colorectal cancer involving at least two generations, and one or more cases of colorectal cancer occurring before age 50 years

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22
Q

Clincal manifestations of Colon Cancer

A

black tarry stool

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23
Q

Celiac Disease aka

A

celiac sprue

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24
Q

Celiac Disease is the atrophy of what?

A

intestinal villi

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25
Q

What does Celiac Disease
lead to?

A

impaired nutrient absorption due to reduced surface area

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26
Q

Celiac Disease is confirmed by what Ig?

A

IgA

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27
Q

Celiac Disease needs supplements of what?

A

iron, folate, B12, fat-soluble vitamins (DAKE)

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28
Q

Barrett esophagus is what?

A

columnar tissue replaces normal squamous epithelium of the distal esophagus

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29
Q

Barrett esophagus is what?

A

a typle of preneoplastic condition

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30
Q

Barrett esophagus is a risk for what cancer?

A

esophageal cancer

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31
Q

Hiatal hernia will present with what condition?

32
Q

Where do Hiatal hernias develop?

A

in the diaphragm to the stomach

33
Q

what are risk factors of Hiatal hernia? (2)

A

increased age
women

34
Q

Hiatal Hernia clinical manifestations (4)

A

GERD
heartburn
chest pain
dysphagia

35
Q

In what gender are gallstones most common?

36
Q

Untreated acute cholecystitis may lead to what condition?

37
Q

What are Gallstones made of?

A

cholestorol

38
Q

What are the three phases of gallstones?

A

supersaturation of bile
nucleation of crystals
hypomotility- stasis of bile

39
Q

Cholesterol Gallstone risk factors (7)

A

fast weight loss
prolonged fasting
contraceptives
weight
age
sex
other

40
Q

Chronic cholecystitis can lead to what conditions (3)

A

biliary sepsis
calcified gallbladder
porcelain gallbladder

41
Q

what happens to amylase and lipase with pancreatis?

42
Q

What two chemicals are associated with pancratitis

A

Elevated serum lipase and amylase levels

43
Q

Chronic pancreatitis may lead to what

A

diabetes mellitus

44
Q

Chronic Pancreatitis pathogenesis (4)

A

Chronic inflammatory lesions in pancreas
Necrosis of exocrine parenchyma leads to fibrosis
Leads to calcification—obstructed flow of pancreatic juices
Persistent symptoms secondary to pancreatic dysfunction over weeks and months

45
Q

What is Hep B transmitted by?

A

exposure to blood/semen and needles

46
Q

Hep B aka

A

serum hepatitis

47
Q

Hepatitis presents with an increase in what?

A

urine bilirubin

48
Q

Which hepatitis is spread trough fecal oral route?

49
Q

What is enteric hepatitis called?

50
Q

What occurs in the prodromal period of Hep A?

A

jaundice, RUQ, malaise, anorexia, fever

51
Q

What does the Flavivirus cause?

52
Q

How is Hep C spread?

A

IV drug or blood transfusion

53
Q

What is Hep D virus?

A

Defective RNA virus

54
Q

How is Hep E spread?

A

RNA via fecal- oral
contaminatoredwater
parenteral

55
Q

How is Hep D spread?

A

parenterally and intimate contact

56
Q

Acute hepatitis B will present with what on it’s surface?

A

positive hep B surface antigen, HBsAg

57
Q

Steatohepatitis is an accumulation of what?

A

fat in the liver cells

58
Q

What is the pathogenesis of alcoholic fatty liver? (2)

A

fat accumulation in liver cells
more fat delivered to hepatocyte

59
Q

What is Hypertriglyceridemia?

A

an increased amount of liver enzymes

60
Q

What is Hypertriglyceridemia a sign of?

A

Alcholic fatty liver

61
Q

What do Mallory bodies show?

A

alcoholic hepatitis

62
Q

goiter is an enlargement of what?

A

thyroid gland

63
Q

What is acromegaly?

A

excess growth hormone

64
Q

inadequate ADH secretion causes what kind of disorder?

A

diabetes insipidus

65
Q

synthesis of thyroid hormone is inhibited by

A

iodine deficiency

66
Q

What are therapies for Type I DM? (3)

A

Carb counting
excercise
insulin

67
Q

Microvascular complications of DM include:

A

retinopathy and nephropathy

68
Q

decrease in myoinositol transport causes what?

A

diabetic neuropathy

69
Q

Type 2 DM is due to what two things

A

insulin resistance and b-cell dysfunction

70
Q

What is a major predictor of Type 2 DM?

71
Q

Type 1 DM clinical findings

A

Polyuria
Polydipsia
Polyphagia

72
Q

Type 1 DM is due to destruction of what?

A

pancreatic b-cell

73
Q

Hypoglycemia will present with what?

74
Q

What kind of diabetes will present with nonketotic hyperosmolality?

75
Q

What is the most important level to evaluate DM long term?

A

Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels

Phys (5 decks)

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