W2Ch11 WBC Disorders Flashcards
Chronic myelogenous leukemia is caused by
A rearrangement in chromosomes to produce BCR/ABL and overproduces leukemia cells. This leads to a high granulocyte count
Chronic myelogenous leukemia pathophysiology
The Philadelphia chromosome on a gene is translocated and produces a fusion gene. This abnormality is the target of drug therapies.  this causes increased white blood cell count. 
Chronic myelogenous leukemia treatment
Gene therapy, such as a kinase inhibitor - tyrosine kinase and responses poorly to chemo
Chronic myelogenous leukemia symptoms
This has a slower onset of symptoms and do not require treatment as quickly. It causes mild anemia and thrombocytopenia.  other symptoms are weight loss, fatigue, diaphoresis, bleeding, and abdominal discomfort from an enlarged spleen.
Chronic myelogenous leukemia affects what part of the body
Genes, spleen/abdominal discomfort 
Chronic myelogenous leukemia is common in what type of people?
Usually affects adults for months two years.  represents about 15% of all leukemia cases in the US. It is slightly more common in men than women, and rarely occurs in childhood or adolescence. 
Multiple Myeloma pathophysiology
result from transformation and proliferation of precursor stem cells in bone marrow
abnormal stem cells clone and build up in the bone marrow until they are released into circulation
Multiple Myeloma is caused by
Multiple Myeloma is aka
plasma Cell Myeloma
Multiple Myeloma treatment
Multiple Myeloma symptoms
Multiple Myeloma affects what part of the body
Bone
Hairy Cell Leukemia pathophysiology
 There is an activating gene mutation of BARF V600E this mutation is also found in malignant melanomas, non-small cell lung, and colon cancer
Hairy Cell Leukemia is common in what type of people?
This is a rare type of leukemia that affects about 2% of adult leukemia’s, but it is highly treatable  it affects those exposed to particular herbicides, and a slight increase the risk to those with a family history of this leukemia. common in men in their mid-50s.
Hairy Cell Leukemia treatment
Chemotherapy is an option, but a more effective cure is allogenic stem cell transplant 
Hairy cell leukemia symptoms
Multiple myeloma is common in what type of people?
Hairy Cell Leukemia affects what part of the body
Blood
What is a leukemia?
circulating tumors involving bone marrow and blood
Lymphoma
localize in lymph and disseminated to other sites
Plasma cell myeloma
malignant transformation of B-cell plasma cells formed in bony structures usually
S&S of lymphomas and leukemias
- Malaise, weakness
- Unexplained fever and night sweats
- Recurrent infections
- enlarged, nontender lymph nodes
- very high WBC count or abnormal cell types
What do lymphoid cells give rise to?
to natural killer cells b cells and t cells
What do myloid cells give rise to?
rest of leukocytes, RBC, and platelets
leukemias are more likely to come from what line of neoplasm?
myeloid stem cells (blood)
Lymphomas are more likely to come from what neoplasm?
lymphoid neoplasm
What are some causes of lymphoid and myeloid neoplasms?
viruses, radiation and chemical exposure, reduction or alteration of hematopoiesis, genetic
What are some S&S of leukopenia
lymphadenopathy or swelling lymph notes, weight loss, anorexia
CM of anemia
pallor,
fatigue malaise, shortness of breath and decreased energy
