W2 Ch10 Immune Function Flashcards
What are three lines of defense in immunity?
- Physical and chemical barriers
- Inflammatory response
- Immune response
What are 3 functions of the immune system?
- defends body against invasion
- Removes dead/damaged cells
- Attempts to recognize/remove abnormal cells
What enables the body to distinguish “self” from “non-self”?
specificity and memory
What are two types of immune response?
innate immunity vs adaptive immunity
What are some characteristics of innate immunity? (4)
- Involves NL cells and phagocytes
- inflammation
- non-specific
- Immediate response
What are the purposes of inflammation?
- increase the permeability of our vasculature so that the white blood cells get to the area and escape
- Limit spread of invading agents
- Prep damaged tissue for repair
What is adaptive immuity
- attacks specific antigens
slower - effective to second exposure
- involves B and T lymphocytes
What are the mechanisms for adaptive immunity?
- humoral immunity
- cell-mediate immunity
Where do lymphocytes come from?
Stem cells are made in the bone marrow
Bcells, mature in the bone marrow,
T cells, mature in the thymus
What are the cells involved in cell mediated immunity?
Cell mediated immunity
Cytotoxic T cells
helper T cells
suppressor T cells
Cell mediated immunity involves what kind of cells?
Involves phagocytic cells attack the specific antigen mediated by T lymphocytes
What is another name for cytotoxic T cells and what do they do?
CD8+
Bind to the surface of infected cells and just drop the membrane and destroy it before it can infect other cells?
What do helper T cells do and what is its other name?
CD4+. They stimulate B cells to mature into plasma cells, which secrete antibodies. They are stimulated by phagocytic cells with MHC II that display antigens.
What does suppressor T cells do?
They reduce the humoral response
What do B lymphocytes turn into?
These lymphocytes turn into plasma, cells, or memory cells
What do B lymphocytes to?
They become plasma cells, which secrete antibodies 
What do memory cells do?
They fight future infections without the need of helper T cells
What kind of immune response is a vaccination?
It’s an example of a primary immune
What kind of immune response are booster shots?
These are a type of secondary immune response, so antibody levels will be high before the disease is encountered
IGG makes up what kind of antibody
Makes up about 80% of plasma antibodies. It is most major antibacterial and antiviral antibodies causes placenta smallest
easily leaves the bloodstream to interstitial fluids.
IgA
Found in bodily secretions (saliva, sweat, teachers, mucus, and bile_protects against respiratory and G.I. infection
IgM
First antibodies produced during an immune response, major antibody on B cell surfaces
IgE
Initiates inflammatory and allergic reactions
IgD
Primarily found on the surface of the cells
What are some common immune disorders?
Excessive mean response and deficient immune response
Auto immunity
immune system, attaches to own tissues, caused by an amber normal, excessive immune response towards it ow tissues
Type I hypersensitivity involves what kind of Ig?
IgE
What are some pro inflmmatory mediators?
that are released include prostaglandins interleukins leukotrienes and histamine
Histamine causes
things like increased vascular permeability vasodilation and both of these will lead to hypotension a drop in
BP, urticaria, bronchoconstriction, increased mucus secretion
Treatment for type I hypersensitivity
antihistamine
beta-adrenergics-decrese broncoconstriction to
corticosteroids- decrease inflamatory response
anticholniergics- block parasympathetic
IgE therapy- inhibits binding of IgE to mast cells
epinephrine= adrenergic agent
Type II hypersensitivity aka
tissue specific or cytotoxic or cytolytic hypersensitivity and it occurs
How is Type II hypersensitivity activated?
via the complement system
What is an example of Type II hypersensitvity?
blood transfusion or RH- mothers and RH+ babies
Type III hypersensitivity aka
Immune complex reaction
What happens in type III hypersensitivity?
our immune system and phagocytic system really fail to effectively remove antigen immune complexes and the antigen-antibody gets stuck in ties, which activates complement and chemoattraction of neutrophils
What is an example of Type III hypersensitivity?
Examples-inflammatory renal disorder
What is deficient immune response?
lymphocytes or antibodies or phagocytes or complement proteins
there’s a decrease in the immune
What is deficient immune example?
HIV
What are signs of deficient immune response?
get sick often
What is a primary immunodeficiency disorder?
congenital, genetic, or acquired
secure recurrent, unusual or unmanageable infections
What is causes second immunodeficiency disorder?
Excessive or defective neuroendocrine responses, stress, poor nutrition, stress, drugs, other medications
The CDC recommends that HIV antibody testing takes place:
three months so body can make antibodies
