WEEK 7 Flashcards
What are the two ways of thinking about of morality?
- Normative Theories
- Positive Theories
What are Normative theories?
What you should and shouldn’t do
- Domain of philosophy
What are Positive Theories?
How people actually make moral decisions
What is Heterodox Academy?
Organisation that is aimed at ideological diversity with itself.
Is there potential for ideological bias in psychology?
Yes, 95% of social/personality psychologists liberal or
moderate
What are the potential negative outcomes of having a ideological bias?
- Can influence scholarship:
- Choice of topics
- Framing of findings
- May not see things obvious to someone with
another perspective
What is Moral Foundations Theory?
An attempt to understand how people make moral judgments in a way that’s inclusive of lots of different kinds of moral judgments that people make.
What are the 5 moral foundations that the moral foundations theory came up with?
These 5 things are what contribute to someone’s thought process when judging whether something is right or wrong.
Harm
- Protect vulnerable people: children, elderly, etc.
Fairness
- Prevent cheating, ensure people contribute equitably
Authority
- Deference to those higher in hierarchy
Ingroup Loyalty
- Support own group in competition with others
Purity
- Avoid contamination
Within the moral foundations theory what is the binding foundations?
Elements of foundation that bind groups together.
Includes:
* Authority
* Ingroup Loyalty
* Purity
What is found to be the case for conservatives and liberals when it comes to the moral foundations theory?
- Conservatives more concerned with the binding foundations
- Liberals are more concerned about the other 2 foundations (Harm & Fairness)
Critiques/Limitations of the Moral Foundations Theory?
- Other cultures endorse other values
- e.g. Iran has 6th called Quirat (guarding women - veils)
- Additional foundations?
- Liberty: freedom
- All reducible to harm/care?
- The Dyadic morality theory
- Lacks theoretical background (is just data-driven factor analysis)
- not replicable in all countries
What is Dyadic morality?
There are two components and harm is the basis of our moral judgements
The Moral Agent: Person causing harm (e.g. Polluter)
The Moral Patient (Victim): Thing/Person experiencing harm (e.g. mother earth)
What is the issue with the Fairness foundation?
There are two different meanings of fairness
- Equality: Everyone receives equal amounts
- Equity: Everyone receives proportional amounts based on production (e.g. Messi gets paid to play vs trash kid gets nothing)
What is Sacredness?
- A sacred value is one you believe to be essentially priceless
e.g. Life—would you kill for $1 million? –> no = sacred value
However if you do it for $10 million it isn’t sacred - you just have a high price.
Conservative and Liberal differences in Sacred values?
Conservatives more likely to consider some values sacred
* Military
* Authority
* Religion
* Sexual taboos
Liberals more likely to consider other values sacred
* Environment
* Vegan foods
* Racism
* Sexism