WEEK 7

Question 1

Define programming and give an example

Answer 1

Metaphor for computing.

A great example is barker’s hypothesis

Question 2

What is barker hypothesis?

Answer 2

Basically, low birth weight predisposes the child to serious negative health outcomes in the future

Question 3

Where do we see lower birth weights in babies?

Answer 3

Poorer mothers, young mothers and indigenous women

Question 4

What factors affect the health of a newborn at conception?

Answer 4

health of the mother at conception, activity and diet during pregnancy, her age, health related behaviors and the age of the father at the time of conception.

Question 5

What factors affect the quality of the life of the infant after conception?

Answer 5

depends on resources available to the mother/primary care giver. Again looking at SDOH as well as having toys available for play, interactive with the infant through language, reading, emotional support,

Question 6

define epigenetics

Answer 6

activation or deactivation of gene expression

Question 7

what affects gene expression?

Answer 7

DNA methylation where gene expression can be seen in children who’s mothers were under extreme stress, drank alcohol, undernourished

Question 8

define programming in terms of neurology

Answer 8

early childhood stress affects brain growth and development

Question 9

how does obesity affect mothers and their infants?

Answer 9

Excessive weight gain during pregnancy increases risk for the child to develop obesity and chronic disease

Question 10

Define developmental junctures

Answer 10

Basically the ideology that idea that logical events must be sequenced correctly and occur in the correct context or they will never occur at all. Example when preggo women were given thalimide for pregnancy nausea but ended up affecting their fetus in terms of bone development.

Question 11

Define neural sculpting

Answer 11

Occurs in response to environmental stimuli and interaction mostly in childhood but can occur in adults for example relearning everything after experiencing a stroke

Question 12

Define latent effects and give an example

Answer 12

Basically early life experiences will affect the persons regardless of what happens later on in their lives. For example, intellectually and emotionally impoverished early years may impair learning and social functioning over the individual’s entire life regardless of the quality of schooling she or he receives from kindergarten to grade 12.

Question 13

Define cumulative effects and give an example

Answer 13

The longer one is exposed to negative environment, the worse the health effects. Ex: the deeper and longer the poverty is, the worse the health effects are

Question 14

Does adverse childhood experiences equate to early death?

Answer 14

true

Question 15

Define pathway effects and an example

Answer 15

Early life experiences set the stage for future experiences which in turn give shape to the subsequent ones. Ex: For example, a rich and positive yet challenging early life experience may increase coping skills and sense of self-worth that in turn incline the child to respond favourably to future opportunities

Question 16

Can emotions affect the characteristics of a mother?

Answer 16

YES! Highly reactive infants raised by reactive mothers they grow up fearful, socially unskilled adults with behavioural and health problems.

Question 17

Define attachment theory

Answer 17

Basically, the attached figure (usually the mother) provides a secure base from which the infant and toddler can “venture forth,”. It is critical to developing a sense of self as an independent entity along with a sense of being an effective agent in the world.
- Failure to properly attach results in the child experiencing stress and low self-esteem

Question 18

Define progressive universalism

Answer 18

Basically instead of giving targeting high risk families in their support for childhood development such as childcare, the best strategy is to support every family with additional support going to those with greater needs.

Question 19

What are the cons of progressive universalism?

Answer 19

1) Maintaining quality of program and educators is difficult

2) The great promise shown in pilot studies is rarely achieved in larger scale programming

Question 20

What about education in terms of universality?

Answer 20

A universal public program especially in early years can enhance equal opportunity as well as encourage social solidarity

Question 21

What is the leading cause of death in teenagers and which gender is most likely die of it?

Answer 21

Injury is the leading cause of death

gender= men

Question 22

What is the cause of increase in injuries in women?

Answer 22

Sport injuries

Question 23

What influences health behaviour?

Answer 23

Health-relevant attitudes are formed in late childhood and are influenced by social networks. The determinants of adolescent health include:

1) Communication with parents
2) Peers and close relationships

Question 24

What role does obesity play in breastfeeding vs bottle feeding?

Answer 24

Breastfeeding is associated with normal body weight throughout their life while bottle feeding is associated with obesity

Question 25

Define life course analysis

Answer 25

Tracking individuals overtime (birth-cohort studies)

Question 26

What is the purpose of the CNO?

Answer 26

protect the public

Question 27

What are the 9 competencies from the CNO?

Answer 27

1) Clinician: providing safe and competent care
2) Professional
3) Communicator
4) Collaborator
5) Coordinator
6) Leader
7) Advocate
8) Educator
9) scholar