WEEK 3 Flashcards
Define the gradient in health
The relationship between income and health
What is the inequality hypothesis?
A country’s GDP correlates strongly with life expectancy in poorer countries but weakly with life expectancy in richer ones
Define wilkinson’s income inequality hypothesis
Greater inequality in income distribution within a population increases social problems
- Lower societal levels of trust and mutual support
- Higher levels of crime and discrimination
What are the 3 components of the Wilkinson synthesis
1) Social capital theory: equal societies have greater solidarity
2) Sociology and criminology: social change is a major cause for stress. Societies that are too diverse and ongoing rapid changes become destabilized
3) Primatology: study of primates showing subordinate animals die prematurely mainly because of stress
True or false? Countries with higher inequalities have tax resistant population
True
What are the 3 levels of tax?
1) Progressive tax: rich pay more
2) Regressive tax: poor and middle class to pay more than rich
3) Proportional tax: everyone pays the same tax regardless of how much they earn
Define neo-liberalism
The push to reduce gov’t intervention in business and individual lives through reduced regulation and lower taxes
Define materialist, neo-materialist and psychosocial
1) Materialist: income is linked to education, living conditions and life expectancy. Household income association with health
2) Neo-materialist: materialist but includes impact of public policies like taxation. Strong focus on how the distribution of wealth in society affect health
3) Psychosocial: perception of our status and personal security. Resource available to us matter less than our social position
What are the 3 levels of unemployment casualty?
1) Individual: loss of personal resources and increased personal stress
2) Intermediate: effects are at the level of the family such as family breakdown or relocation
3) Contextual: effects of living in a community where unemployment is rising
Define the 4 trends of the economy
1) De-industrialization: decline in industrial activity
2) De-unionization: employers’ efforts to exclude unions from workplaces
3) De-skilling increased use of automated process and routines
4) Privatization: contracting out and changing ownership of assets
Define isostrain
A constant state of strain linked to metabolic syndrome
What do educated and less educate people stress about?
Less educated people stress about financial issues
More educated people stress about family
Define the 2 workplace models
1) Demand-control model: demands made of an employee
2) Effort-reward model: work effect? Rewards received?
