Week 7 Flashcards
the “feeling” of an emotion
Physiological response
Subjective experience
Thought-Action Tendency
Behavioural response
Subjective experience: the “feeling” of an emotion
accompanied by changes in heart rate, breathing, blood flow, etc (biological changes)
Physiological response
Subjective experience
Thought-Action Tendency
Behavioural response
Physiological response: accompanied by changes in heart rate, breathing, blood flow, etc (biological changes)
expression of emotion (how the emotion coming out)
Physiological response
Subjective experience
Thought-Action Tendency
Behavioural response
Behavioural response: expression of emotion (how the emotion coming out)
emotions prepare us for action (emotion serve a function)
Physiological response
Subjective experience
Thought-Action Tendency
Behavioural response
Thought-Action Tendency: emotions prepare us for action (emotion serve a function)
e.g., In response to fear, the specific action tendency is the urge to escape
Mood …. Emotions
differs from
is the same
Mood differs from Emotions
…. is more of a persistent state that lasts for a period (e.g., a week, a month).
…. are more discrete, in relation to a specific event/stimulus and they are temporary.
Mood
Emotions
• Mood is more of a persistent state that lasts for a period (e.g., a week, a month).
Whereas emotions are more discrete, in relation to a specific event/stimulus and they are temporary
True of false
it is possible to display extreme happiness and anger at the same time
False
Combinations of positive and negative emotions are very possible, BUT it is not really possible to experience an intense negative and positive emotions simultaneously.
Positive emotions can undo the effects of negative emotions
Thought-Action Tendency
Positive Affect
Broaden & Build Theory
Un-doing Hypothesis
positive emotions can undo the effects of negative emotions - Un-doing Hypothesis
Watch a fear-inducing video, then watch a….
Neutral video = 40 sec recovery
Sad video = 60 sec recovery
Amusing video = 20 sec recovery (elicit positive emotions, fastest recovery)
○ +ve emotion after watching fear-inducing video leads to faster cardiovascular recovery
+ve emotions help preserve organism by providing non-specific action tendencies (opens up thinking to new possibilities) that can lead to new adaptive behaviour
Enables a build up of resources (physical, psychological and social) that promotes well-being.
- Thought-Action Tendency
- Positive Affect
- Broaden & Build Theory
- Un-doing Hypothesis
Broaden & Build Theory
+ve emotions help preserve organism by providing non-specific action tendencies (opens up thinking to new possibilities) that can lead to new adaptive behaviour
Enables a build up of resources (physical, psychological and social) that promotes well-being.
In contrast, Negative emotions narrow our thoughts to a limited set of actions in a given situation. We get tunnel visions. Harder to think of all the options, or think in a free, creative way
Thus +emotions broaden your thoughts, actions, and relationships and this in turn builds better health and more positive emotions!
It is a cycle
The broaden and build theory focuses on specific … rather than mood
positive emotions sensory pleasures (hedonic)
It focuses on specific positive emotions rather than mood.
• Differentiates positive emotions from sensory pleasures (e.g., sexual gratification or the satisfaction of hunger).
Sensory pleasures are largely automatic responses to physiological needs being met. (does not focus on this)
Positive emotions leads to positive health outcomes
- Thought-Action Tendency
- Positive Affect
- Broaden & Build Theory
- Un-doing Hypothesis
- Broaden & Build Theory: Positive emotions (broaden) leads to positive health outcomes (build)
Positive emotions predict:
- improved life satisfaction
- ability to find benefit in adversity
- increases in relational resources
- Increased self-efficacy beliefs
our interpretation of the past, present, future circumstances resulting in emotions
- Appraisal
- Thought-Action tendency
- Resources Accrued
Appraisal
e.g. joy: safe, familiar, unexpectedly good
What we tend to get out of experiencing the emotion, thoughts, and actions associated with the emotion
- Appraisal
- Thought-Action tendency
- Resources Accrued
Resources Accrued
e.g. joy: Skills gained via experiential learning
What we tend to think and do when we feel certain emotions
- Appraisal
- Thought-Action tendency
- Resources Accrued
Thought-Action tendency
e.g. joy; Play, get involved
involves behaviours which are focused on altering, reducing or eliminating the source of the stress (taking action, seeking support to solve the problem).
Problem focused coping
Emotion focused coping
Proactive coping
Problem focused coping - involves behaviours which are focused on altering, reducing or eliminating the source of the stress (taking action, seeking support to solve the problem).
attempt to change, reduce or modulate one’s own emotional response to the stressful situation. (e.g., avoidance…reappraisal)
Proactive coping
Problem focused coping
Emotion focused coping
Emotion focused coping
attempt to change, reduce or modulate one’s own emotional response to the stressful situation. (e.g., avoidance…reappraisal)
Rather then stop or get rid of the stressful situation, we are altering the emotional response to it
Reappraisal is an adaptive example of EFC, which is “reframing the problem/changing the implicit meaning or interpretation as a pathway to modulating levels of negative affect and increasing positive affect.”
efforts to prevent the stressful event from happening in the first place.
Proactive coping
Problem focused coping
Emotion focused coping
Proactive coping - efforts to prevent the stressful event from happening in the first place.
Social support from others reduces the potentially debilitating effects of stress.
The Buffering Hypothesis
Flourishing
Resources Accrued
Broaden & Build Theory
The Buffering Hypothesis
Social support from others reduces the potentially debilitating effects of stress.
Buffering Effect – by sharing our own burden with others, our burden becomes a lot lighter (stress-induced suppression of immune system may decrease).
ADuchenne smileinvolves both the zygomatic major muscle and orbicularis oculi
A non-Duchenne smileinvolves only the …. - a polite smile
- zygomatic major muscle
- orbicularis oculi
A non-Duchenne smileinvolves only the zygomatic major muscle - a polite smile
Zygomatic major muscle raises the corners of your mouth
Orbicularis oculi raises the cheeks
… and … have a reciprocal relationship - they both influence each other
Flourishing Positive emotions Mindfullness Optimism Hope
Flourishing and Mindfulness have a reciprocal relationship - they both influence each other
People who flourish stand apart from their non-flourishing peers in the magnitude of the +ve emotional boost they get out of everyday pleasant events
helping others, interacting, playing, learning, and spiritual activity.
According to the ‘Losada’ ratio
To flourish there should be a … ratio of positive to negative emotions
1: 4
2: 1
3: 1
4: 1
To flourish there should be 3:1 ratio of positive to negative emotions
3 positive emotions to one negative emotion
…. can increase self-esteem
…. can motivate & inspire
Downward social comparison
Upward social comparisons
Downward social comparison can increase self-esteem
Upward social comparisons can motivate & inspire
As well as lead to inferiority & distress
Happier people use own internal standards to judge themselves, take pleasure on others’ success & are concerned for others’ failure (Lyuobomirksy)
They judge themselves based on who they were yesterday
… = opposite effect of Broaden-&-Build
Negative affect
Rumination
Pessimism
Self-criticism
Rumination = opposite effect of Broaden-&-Build
