week 7 Flashcards
What is the definition of attention?
the cognitive process of selectively concentrating on one aspect/target in the environment while ignoring others
What is an example of selective attention?
Dichotic listening
What is dichotic listening?
Listening to two or more stimuli but only focusing on one one stimuli
what is inattention blindness?
being asked to focus on a particular stimuli in the environment which cause some critical stimuli to be missed
What is in-attentional blindness
The focus of attention causes some critical stimuli to be missed
What is change blindness?
the focus of attention causes a change in scene to be missed
What is the flicker paradigm?
two images in succession
with a short blank screen in between.
Why is the Flicker Paradigm cause blindness?
visual systems are geared to view continuous motion
deliberate search is required with a blank screen
What is attentional blink?
the tendency to not respond to the second of two stimuli
What is the early selective model of attention?
.
Describe the early selective model of attention?
a stimuli receives initial sensory processing
unattended channel filtered out early
unattended channel content completely unavailable
What is the attenuator model of attention?
.
what is difference between the attenuator model of attention and the early selective model?
Different types of filter applied
instead of all or nothing filter
attenuating = reduce the force, effect or value of
Describe the attenuator model?
allows for initially unattended stimuli to gain attention.
what are the two aspects of attention control?
Top-down
bottom-up
What is top down attention?
deliberate/intentional attention
What is bottom-up attention?
attention gabbed involuntarily
characteristics of Top down attention?
deliberate effortful slow limited capacity Flicker paradigm
Characteristics of the bottom- up attention ?
reflex automatic fast high capacity Cocktail party effect
Characteristics of the bottom- up attention ?
reflex automatic fast high capacity flinker paradigm
What is contingent capture?
the unintentional shift of attention to a distractor that is relevant to the task.
What is the relationship between top-down and bottom-up attention?
bottom up tasks (contingent capture) didn’t not correlate with the performance of the top down task.(serial visual search) this dissociation suggests the two types of attention are largely independent.
What is neurophysiological evidence for attention control?
brain imagining and single cell recording studies.
frontal cortex and the parietal cortex
What happens if there are lesions and brain injury?
partial lobe damage leads to visual field neglect.
What area of the brain does ADHD impair?
Fronto-striatal and fronto-parietal circuits
Describe the single neutron recording?
Bottom-up target lateral intraparietal area in the parietal cortex
top-down first occurs in the frontal cortex
what is value-driven attention control
the importance of the stimuli associated with reward
What is the realtionship between eye gaze and attention?
direction of gaze aligns with direction of attention
Describe the Attention spotlight
- attention moves around and allows us to selectively attend to parts of the visual world
- enhanced processing/detection
- zoom lens where focus can be adjusted
What is overt attention?
Focus of gaze is focus of attention
What is covert attention?
Focus of gaze is not the focus of attention
What is a valid cue?
when stimulus occurs at the cues portion = faster RT
What is an invalid cue?
when stimulus occurs at an un-cued position = slower RT
If the cue-target is 0 ms, then:
No advantage, insufficient time to shift attention
If the cue target is 100-150ms then:
peak attention cueing (facilitation)
helps shift target
If the cue-target gap is 300-500ms, then:
inhibition of return (attention won’t return to cue location too quickly)
What does feature integration theory solve?
The binding problem
What is the binding problem?
items that are encoded by different brain areas can be combined for perception, decision, and action
