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Neuropsychology > week 3 (2&3) > Flashcards

week 3 (2&3) Flashcards

1
Q

what are Phrenology and localisation of function in the brain?

A

mental function are localised in different areas in the brain
different areas activated will get different areas to budge (correlation between brain and size)

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2
Q

What does ablation mean?

A

Removal of section in the brain from brain injury or diseases.

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3
Q

three stages of localisation of function

A

Map out input/output stages
hope structure is modular
multiple converged methodologies

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4
Q

Broadmann (1868-1918) theory

A

Cytoarchitecture

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5
Q

Cytoarchitecture meaning

A

Structure and organisation of cells

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6
Q

Semir Zeki theory of localisation ?

A

Micro electrodes to measure single cells and create boundaries around different properties response

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7
Q

Blasdell And Salama (1986) theory of localisation?

A

Usea dyes that change with intensity

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8
Q

what happens in the hyper column ?

A

the cells receive the info from the same area in the visual fields

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9
Q

What is Spatiotopic mean?

A

Neighbouring hyper-column receive info from neighbouring region in the visual field.

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10
Q

What is retinotopic mapping?

A

the mapping of visual input from the retina to neurons

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11
Q

How does retinotpic mapping work?

A

Maintain same spatial relationship between adjacent points that is seen in the retina

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12
Q

The process of Retinotopic mapping

A

Fovea is focused on an area it appears in red

in cortex the central part of visual field is magnified relative to periphery

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13
Q

What is Cortical magnification factor?

A

refers to area of cortex that is stimulated by a target of a specified visual angle

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14
Q

What happens in cortical magnification ?

A

Foveal section enlarged in primary visual correct relative to the periphery

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15
Q

Forward pathways process?

A

Moving from the LGNd to higher cortical area

Connection from superficial layer of cortex to layer 4

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16
Q

feedback pathway process?

A

signals originate in superficial and deep layers and terminate in superficial and deep layers

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17
Q

What is the Corpus collosum fibre

A

Carry info about the retinal midline of the visual field

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18
Q

What are the visual responsive areas ?

A

not every area is connected to every other area. there are functional pathways

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19
Q

which side of the brain controls motion

A

LEft

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20
Q

Which side of the brain controls pattern or form?

A

Right

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21
Q

What does the dorsal pathway do?

A

Stronger Magno-cellular input

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22
Q

what does the Ventral pathway ?

A

Stronger Parvo-cellular input

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23
Q

What do the M & P pathways refer to?

A

The early visual pathway before signal reaches cortex

24
Q

What does CAT scan stand for?

A

Computerised Axil Topography

25
Q

What is the CAT scan capable of ?

A

Can only detect density difference (bone and brain)

26
Q

what does fMRI stand for?

A

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

27
Q

What is the fMRI capable of ?

A

very strong magnet which detects oxygen

28
Q

what does PET stand for?

A

Postion Emission Topography

29
Q

What is PET scan capable of?

A

Detects location of radioactive isotopes carried in the blood

30
Q

What can detect functional streams?

A

Transcranial magnetic stimulation

31
Q

What can TMS do?

A

Uses magnetic pulses to stimulate neurons

32
Q

what is Neuro-Phrenology

A

Different areas of the brain light up when performing tasks.

33
Q

Whats the Classifier method?

A

A Correlation between brain response and behaviour.

34
Q

How many pathways from the Retina to the Cortex?

A

five different pathways

35
Q

What is LGN of the thalamus for?

A

Visual perception

36
Q

What is the Pulvinar for?

A

Thalamic structure that response to motion and selection of stimuli

37
Q

What is the pretectum of the midbrain for ?

A

Controls of eye movement

38
Q

what is the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus for

A

Control of dinural rhythms and hormonal levels

39
Q

Whats the size of a Hemianopia?

A

Half a field

40
Q

What is the size of a Quadrantanopia?

A

quarter field

41
Q

What is the size of Scotoma?

A

Small island

42
Q

What can lesions cause?

A

Selective visual function losses

43
Q

What is a scatoma?

A

Regions where the stimulus presence is not reported

44
Q

What can people with lesions detect?

A

Huge changes in brightness,

can’t see the target but can localise them

45
Q

Blindsight definition?

A

For a subject with clinically blind field defects detect, localise and discriminate visual stimuli of which the subject say they are completely unaware

46
Q

What is Spared visual cortex ?

A

an island of normal cortex could support residual vision

47
Q

What is scattered light?

A

Light scatters as it passes through the optical system

makes identification difficult

48
Q

What is Criterion?

A

the willingness to say the target is present?

49
Q

What is Signal detection theory?

A

The strength of the signal presented and the participants perceptual sensitivity

50
Q

Is blindsight just a criterion change?

A

Sensitivity doesn’t change between Y/N and FC tasks but Criterion did change

51
Q

Can the vision in blindsight be used?

A

Cant see target even if the image was correctly detected

52
Q

what is the Best explanation for blindsight?

A

Direct pathway from LGN to hMT+ region

53
Q

What does dMRI stand for?

A

Diffusion weighted MRI

54
Q

What do Blindsight positive have?

A

Normal tract appearance at cortical end

55
Q

What do blindsight negative have?

A

do not have a normal tract

56
Q

What is the conclusion to a missing V1?

A

Need V1 for conscious vision, but other pathways support visual information when V1 is missing

Neuropsychology (12 decks)

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