Week 7

Question 1

What are the central features of ADHD

Answer 1

• Inattention - Hyperactivity - Impulsivity.

Question 2

What are the three subtypes of adhd

Answer 2

• Predominately inattentive - Predominately hyperactivity/impulsivity - Combined

Question 3

DSM-5 Criteria for ADHD

Answer 3

A) Must meet at least 6 of the criteria within A1 (inattention) A2 (Hyperactivity and impulsivity)
B) Several inattentive or hyperactive-impulsive symptoms were present prior to age 12
C) Criteria for the disorder are met in two or more settings, e.g. at home, school or work, with friends or relatives, or in other activites)
D) THere must be clear evidence that the symptoms interfere with or reduce the quality of social, academic, or occupational functioning
E) The symptoms do not occur exclusively during the course of schizophrenia or another psychotic disorder

Question 4

Prevelance of ADHD

Answer 4

2-7% (overdiagnosed in some parts of the world)
Boys outnumber girls.
onset 3-4 yr
Comborbities: mood disorders and ODD

Question 5

THe nitty gritty gene info of ADHD

Answer 5

Defs family link, weird ‘copy number variant’ gene. Dopamine connection (possible lack of dopamine, Ritalin increases dopamine levels), Norepinephrine, gaba and serotnin implicated

Question 6

Neurobiological connections to ADHD

Answer 6

Abnormal frontal lobe development, inactivity of the frontal cortex, smaller brain volume, the role of toxins, maternal smoking, environmental factors etc

Question 7

What is ODD

Answer 7

Oppositional defiant disorder.
pattern of negative, defiant, disobedient and hostile behaviour towards authority. combordity with ADHD, but some important distinctions. ADHD is seen even when kids are alone, children with ODD (but not ADHD) do not have deficits in tests of executive functioning. ADHD persists into adulthood where ODD fucks off or morphs into something else.

Question 8

What is conduct disorder

Answer 8

Repeated serious violations of the rights of others or societal rules

Question 9

ASD history

Answer 9

Leo kanner stole some shit from a fucking eugeniscist. Was defined as ASD and autism spectrum after we moved away from aspergers because of the aforementioned eugenics

Question 10

DSM-5 crtieria for autism spectrum disorder

Answer 10

Must meet all.
A) problems with communication and social interaction, with issues in emotions, nonverbal communications, and problems with relationships
B) restricted repititive patterns of behaviour, interests or activities as manifest by 2 of the following;
-steriotyped or repetitive speech
-loves a routine
-restricted interests
-hyper or hypo activity to sensory input or unusual interest in sensory shit
C) sympoms must be present in early childhood
D) symptoms together limit and impair everyday functioning

Question 11

Prevelance of ASD

Answer 11

1% of kids, significantly more boys, early onset, common comorbidities like ADHD, anxiety, ID, epilepsy. Worldwide

Question 12

ASD geneeeees

Answer 12

Family component. If one kid has autism, theres a 20% chance next one will too. Numerous genes on several chromosones involved.
Brain: head circumference, brain volume.
Amygdala, older paternal age at birth

Question 13

Cognitive explanations of ASD

Answer 13

Theory of mind, difficulty reading emotions, intentions or cues from others.

Question 14

ASD treatment

Answer 14

Behavioural managment therapy, MEDS, SPEECH THERapy, occupational therapy, a bunch really

Question 15

ID details baby

Answer 15

Intellectual disability.

Impairment of general mental abilities, conceptual, social and practical domains all have issues.

Question 16

The DSM-5 crtieria for ID

Answer 16

1. deficits in intellectual functions (confirmed by clinical assesment and IQ tests)
2. deficits in adaptive functioning (Must impair functioning in one or more activities of daily life)
3. onset of intellectual and adaptive deficits during the developmental period

Question 17

Prevelance of ID

Answer 17

1-3% of population. more often in males, though 90% are mild. Age and charicteristics of onset vary according to course and severity, as does the prognosis.
Common comborbidities with anxiety, depression, ADHD and schizo

Question 18

Prenatal factors that impact ID

Answer 18

fetal alcohol syndrome, disease, chemicals, poor nutrition, malnutrtion, head injuries

Question 19

Fragile X syndrome

Answer 19

most common form of inherited ID in males, and a significant cause of ID in females (though more men have it). Learning disabilities, hyperactivity, short attention spans, gaze avoidance, perseverative speech

Question 20

ID sociocultural influences

Answer 20

Socialdeprivation•Poverty•Abuse•Neglect•Childhood diseases•Exposure to environmental hazard

Question 21

Intervention for ID

Answer 21

Early intervention, educational and behavioural management, skills training, communcation skills, community interventions