week 2 Flashcards
How are mood disorders set out in the DSM?
Used to be just one section, but now divided into depressive disorders and bipolar and related disorders.
The main diagnosis is MDD and bipolar.
Common themes of the DSM-5 on mood disorders
Focus on transient emptional states, AKA mood
These states are viewed as episodic (though they can be long)
importance of recurrence of symptoms
level of energy and activity cycle affacted as strongly as emotional state is
MDE criteria
Five or more of the set of symptoms (inc on a different card) must have been present during the same 2 week period, and is a change in previous functioning, and at least one of the symptoms is either 1, depressed mood, or 2, loss of interest of pleasure.
MDE criteria LIST
- depressed mood most of the time, sad, empty or hopeless
- anhedonia/no pleasure in anything
- weight loss/gain
- insomnia
- psychomotor agitstion, or retardation nearly everyday
- fatigue or loss of energy
- diminished ability to concentrate
- feelings of worthlessness or guilt
- recurrent thoughts of death, suicidal ideation
MDD criteria
at least one MDE has to have ben experienced, and its not better explained by something else.
What is another term for MDD?
unipolar depression, though this is just to distinguish it from the depresion that comes with bipolar
What are some specifiers for MDD?
Can be some psychotic elements, melancholic, mixed features (overlap with mania), anxious distress, catatonic distress, atypical features, peripatrum onset etc
Persistent depressive disorder
AKA Dysthymia.
Depressive symtpoms present for more than a twp year period (1 year for kids)_.
Symptoms can be subsyndromal or meet MDE crtieria. If meeting MDE crtieria, can do so persistently or intermittently.
Depression and all her babies prevelance
High prevelance, 16% lifetime prevelance. Mean age of onset is 30yrs. Prevelance increases in early adolescence though. about 70% suffers are female. typical episode duration 2-9 months if untreated
How does bereavement play into this?
in DSM 4, depression wasn’t diagnosed if there’d been a death in the 6 months before the Big Sads. However, DSM-5 doesn’t describe a time limit, but advises consideration of signs. Depression is understandable in most of these cases, so do we need to slap a lable on them?
Suicide
You do not need to be clinically depressed to commit suicide. Its impossible to know real numbers of suicide (accident or on purpose?) but the current estimate is 4 in 1000, but thats probably way under.
Occurs in all age groups, hopelessness is a big factor.
What is Bipolar?
Similar to depression, but episodes of mania experienced too. Often recurrent, rarely just the one episode. Has a strong biological influence. Multiple types
What are the different types of bipolar
Type 1, Type 2, cyclothymic disorder
Manic episode criteria
A distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, irritable, expansive mood, and abnormally increased goal-directed activity or energy, lasting at least 1 week and present most of the day, nearly every day.
During the period of mood disturbance and energy, THREE or more of the following symptoms (or FOUR if the mood is irritable) are present to a significant degree, and are a change from behaviour.
1. inflated self esteem
decreased need for sleep
insanely chatty
flight of ideas or subjective experience that thoughts are racing
distractability
increase in goal directed activity
excessive involvement in activites that have high potential for painful consequences
WHat is hypomania, and what is its crtieria
Hypomania is mania lite. Essentially, shorter periods of mania and symptoms aren’t as strong or life destroying. Same criteria as a manic episode, BUT, symptoms only need to be present for four days, and the episode isn’t enough to cause social, occuaptional imapriment, or hospitalisation, though others should notice the person is being a bit whacky
