Week 6 - Vitamins and Minerals

Question 1

What is the function of vitamin K in the body?

Answer 1

haemostasis, helping the blood to clot, essential for synthesis of prothrombin

Question 2

What foods are a source of vitamin K?

Answer 2

leafy green vegetables, vegetable oils, cereal grains

Question 3

What is the function of magnesium in the body?

Answer 3

helps to make sure the parathyroid glands (produce hormones that are important for bone health) work normally

needed for more than 300 biochemical reactions in the body

regulates blood glucose levels and aids in the production of energy and protein

Question 4

What foods are a source of magnesium?

Answer 4

fruits and vegetables, whole grains, nuts, peas and beans

Question 5

What is the function of phosphorus in the diet?

Answer 5

build and repair bones and teeth

help nerves function and muscles contract (creatinine phosphokinase)

makes ATP

Question 6

What foods are a source of phosphorus?

Answer 6

almost every food, therefore a deficiency is very rare

Question 7

What is the consequence of having too much phosphorus in your diet?

Answer 7

weak bones

parathyroid hormone regulates the amount of calcium and phosphorus in your blood, too much phosphorus in the blood causes calcium to leave the bones to the blood to restore the balance

Question 8

What is the function of iodine in the body?

Answer 8

normal thyroid functoin

production of thyroid hormones

metabolism of cells

Question 9

What foods are a source of iodine?

Answer 9

seafood

iodised table salt

plants grown in iodine rich soil

Question 10

What is the consequence of having too little iodine in the diet?

Answer 10

hypothyroidism

thyroid cells and thyroid gland become enlarged

Question 11

What is the function of zinc in the body?

Answer 11

to maintain a fully functioning immune system

cell growth

cell division

wound healing

breakdown of carbohydrates

Question 12

What foods are a good source of zinc?

Answer 12

beef, lamb, pork, dark chicken meat

nuts, legumes, whole grains

Question 13

What are the consequences of having a zinc deficiency?

Answer 13

frequent infections, trouble seeing in the dark, skin sores, wounds that take a long time to heal, slow growth

Question 14

What is the consequence of too much zinc in the diet?

Answer 14

high doses of zinc can reduce the amount of copper the body can absorb

this can lead to anaemia and weakening of bones

Question 15

What is the function of copper in the body?

Answer 15

helps to produce red and white blood cells

triggers the release of iron to form haemoglobin

Question 16

What foods are good sources of copper?

Answer 16

nuts, shellfish, offal

Question 17

What foods are a good source of iron?

Answer 17

red meat, dried fruit, whole grains

Question 18

What is the function of iron in the body?

Answer 18

required for synthesis of haemoglobin

Question 19

Name the fat-soluble vitamins

Answer 19

A, D, E, K

they are digested in the same pathway as fat absorption

Question 20

What vitamins are water-soluble?

Answer 20

B1 (thiamine) and Vit C

use diffusion or carrier mediated transport to enter body

Question 21

What hormone is released when calcium levels fall below a set point?

Answer 21

parathyroid hormone

Question 22

What hormone is released during hypercalcemia?

Answer 22

calcitonin from the thyroid

Question 23

What is Vitamin A required for in the body?

Answer 23

the formation of rhodopsin

maintain epithelial tissue

maintain healthy immune system

Question 24

What does a vitamin A deficiency cause?

Answer 24

night blindness

Question 25

Why is Vitamin A toxic in excess?

Answer 25

can weaken bones if too much Vitamin A is consumed over a long period of time

don’t eat liver more than once a week

Vitamin A excess causes jaundice

Question 26

What is the function of Vitamin E in the body?

Answer 26

antioxidant - protects body tissue from damage by free radicals

Question 27

What is the function of Vitamin C in the body?

Answer 27

clotting cascade, connective tissue, metabolic processes

Question 28

What does a B12 deficiency cause?

Answer 28

neuropathy

Vitamin E deficiency can also cause this

Question 29

Which cell type releases a peptide that is necessary for Vitamin B12 absorption?

a) cheif cell
b) parietal cell
c) D-cell
d) I-cell

Answer 29

parietal cell releases intrinsic factor with binds to B12 to form a IF-B12 complex

Question 30

What do chief cells produce?

Answer 30

pepsin

Question 31

What is the structure of a hepatic lobule?

Answer 31

6 portal triads at the periphery with a hepatic vein in the middle

Question 32

What is the alternative name for B12?

Answer 32

cobalamin

Question 33

What factors

Question 34

How is Vitamin b1 absorbed into the blood?

Answer 34

by Na⁺ dependant carriers

same as vitamin C