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Anatomy And Phy > Week 6 The Integumentary System > Flashcards

Week 6 The Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Largest organ of the body

A

Skin

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2
Q

What are the two primary layers of the skin

A

Epidermis, dermis

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3
Q

What are the characteristics of epidermis

A

Outermost portion, comprised entirely of stratified squamous epithelial cells
Contains no blood vessels (avascular)

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4
Q

What kind of epithelial the epidermis have?

A

Stratified squamous

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5
Q

What supports the dermis and lay underneath it?

A

Subcutaneous layer

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6
Q

Cyanosis

A

When skin colour bluish grey. Indicates decreased blood oxygen level

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7
Q

Vitiligo

A

Patchy light skin areas resulting from acquired loss of epidermal melanocytes
Increased skin pigmentation caused by hormonal changes in pregnant women

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8
Q

Freckles

A

Small, flat Macules common normal skin pigment variation

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9
Q

Characteristics of the dermis

A

Composed of connective tissue, cells are scattered far apart with fibers in between: collagen & elastic fibers
Contains accessory structures: hair follicles, sebaceous and sudoriferous glands, sensory receptors
Deeper &a thicker of the two primary skin layers, thickness can vary

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10
Q

Dermal papillae

A

Portions of the dermis that extend up into the epidermis

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11
Q

What forms a distinct pattern of ridges on the surface of thick skin example the skin in your fingers toes prevents slipping

A

Dermal papillae

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12
Q

What is the purpose or function of the dermis?

A

Protection, nourishment of the epidermis, skin elasticity, sensory perception

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13
Q

Where is the subcutaneous layer located?

A

Beneath dermis

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14
Q

Composed of loose connective tissue with large amounts of adipose tissue, has blood vessels and nerve endings. The thickness varies.

A

Subcutaneous layer

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15
Q

What is the function of the subcutaneous layer.

A

Connects skin to underlying muscle.
Insulation,
temperature regulation,
sensory perception

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16
Q

What are some accessory structures of the skin and what is their primary function

A

Sebaceous oil glands
Sudoriferous glands
Hair
Nails

To protect the skin

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17
Q

What are 4 types of glands?

A 
Sebaceous (oil) glands 
Meibomian glands
Sudoriferous (sweat) glands 
Eccrine 
Apocrine glands
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18
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

Saclike glands associated with hair follicles
Found everywhere except lips, palms of hand and sole of feet
Exocrine gland
Ducts may darken to form blackheads
Acne Vulgaris

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19
Q

What is the function of the sebaceous (oil) glands

A

Secrete sebum, an oily substance that lubricates skin and hair, and prevents drying
Regulated by sex hormones

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20
Q

Meibomian glands

A

Associated with the eyelashs

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21
Q

What is the function of the meibomian glands?

A

Lubricates the eyes

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22
Q

Coiled glands that vent directly to the skin surface or through hair follicles

A

Sudoriferous (sweat) glands

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23
Q

What is the function of the sudoriferous (sweat) gland

A

Assists body with thermoregulation

Eliminate wastes such as salts

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24
Q

Eccrine gland

A

Most numerous, important and widespread

Function throughout life and assist in body heat regulation

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25
Q

Mainly in armpits & groin area, also in areole of the breats

A

Apocrine glands

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26
Q

What is he function of the apocrine gland

A

Becomes active during puberty responds to emotional stress & sexual stimulation secretes a more viscous substance, has odour

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27
Q

Alopecia

A

Hair loss

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28
Q

Arrector pili

A

Specialized smooth muscle that produces goose bumps and causes hair to stand up straight

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29
Q

Where are modified sudoriferous (sweat) glands located

A

Ear canal
Edges of eyelids
Ciliary glands
Mammary glands breasts

Produces earwax cerumen

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30
Q

What is the crescent shaped area nearest root called?

A

Lunula

31
Q

What is the purpose/function of the integumentary system?

A

Protection:first line of defence
Protection against dehydration (drying)
Regulation of body temperature
Collection of sensory information

32
Q

Does skin prevent water loss by evaporation?

A

Yes

It forms a boundary that encloses body fluids & limits water loss

33
Q

Is the brain involved in regulating body temperature

A

Yes

34
Q

What are some mechanisms that the skin uses to regulate the temperature of the skin?

A

Regulation of sweat secretion

Regulation of flow of blood close to the body surface

35
Q

What is the chief sensory organs of the body

A

Skin

The skin has many nerve endings and other special receptors that serve as receivers for the body, keeping it informed of changes in its environment
Free nerve endings
Tactile receptors
Deep pressure receptors

36
Q

Free nerve endings

A

Detect pain and temperature changes

37
Q

Melanin

A

The degree of brown pigment in the skin indicates excess (tanning) or absent (albinism vitiligo)

38
Q

Carotenoderm

A

Yellow/red skin discoloration

Think of a carrot

39
Q

Carotenemia

A

Excess carotene in blood

Skin pigment obtained from vegetables (orange/yellow)

40
Q

Bike pigments

A

Yellowish skin due to excess of bile pigments ‘bilirubin’

41
Q

Jaundice

A

Reflecting impaired hepatic function, gallbladder problems, and or excess hemolysis

42
Q

Jaundice may be a symptom of the following

A

A tumour pressing on the bile duct, or a stone within the duct
Inflammation of the liver
Certain diseases of the blood in which red blood cells are rapidly destroyed
Immaturity of the liver

43
Q

Macule

A

Flat and discoloured neither raised or depressed

44
Q

Papule

A

Small firm raised lesions. A large firm papule is called a nodule

45
Q

Vesicle

A

Bulla blister or small fluid filled sac

46
Q

Pustule

A

Pus filled lesion/ vesicle. Infected vesicle

47
Q

Plaque

A

Large slightly elevated lesion with flat surface, often topped by scale

48
Q

Cicatrix

A

Scar, new CT from within wound

49
Q

Keloid

A

Raised irregular, Tumor-like masses of collagen resulting from excessive scar tissue formation

50
Q

Excoriation

A

Scratch of the skin surface

51
Q

Laceration

A

Rough, jagged wound, made by tearing of the skin

52
Q

Ulcer

A

Crater like lesion sore associated with disintegration and death of tissue

53
Q

Fissure

A

Deep crack or break in the skin

54
Q

Pressure ulcers

A

Skin lesions that appear where the body rests on skin that covers bony projections
Also known as decubitus ulcers or bedsores

55
Q

Superficial 1st degree burns

A

Surface layers of the epidermis only
Skin is red dry
Minimal pain

Example mild sunburn

56
Q

Superficial partial thickness 2 bs degree burns

A

Deep epidermis and part of the dermis
Tissue is red blistered and painful
Heals readily without scarring
Severe sunburn, scalding

57
Q

Deep partial thickness 2nd degree burns

A

Characterized by complete destruction of the epidermis and dermis
Tissue may be blistered with a weeping surface or dry due to sweat gland damage
Less painful than superficial burns due to nerve damage intense pain is expirenced soon thereafter
Scalding, exposure to flame, or hot grease

58
Q

Full thickness 3rd degree burns

A

Involves the full skin,& sometimes the subcutaneous tissue and underlying tissue (muscle bone)
Tissue is broken, dry, and pale or charred
May require surgery to relieve pressure caused by tissue shrinkage or skin grafting

59
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A

The most common type characterized by hard, raised tumors

60
Q

Basal cell carcinoma

A

Characterized by papule a with a central crater rarely spreads

61
Q

Melanoma

A

Malignancy in a Nevus (mole) the most serious type

Asymmetrical, irregular, or indistinct in shape, unevenly coloured, larger than 6mm

62
Q

Can skin infections be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi

A

Yes

63
Q

Impetigo

A

Bacteria skin infection

Highly contagious staphylococcal or streptococcal infection

64
Q

Warts

A

Viral infection

Usually benign neoplasm caused by papillomavirus

65
Q

Herpes simple virus

A

Formation of watery vesicles( cold sores, fever blisters) on the skin and mucous membranes (type1) the genital area (type 2)

66
Q

Tinea

A

Fungal infection there are several forms

67
Q

Dermatitis

A

Inflammation of the skin

Redness, heat, and itching

68
Q

What are some inflammatory skin disorders?

A

Dermatitis
Urticaria
Eczema

69
Q

Urticaria

A

Hives
Allergic reaction, ingested or touched
Temporary appearance of elevated red patches

70
Q

Eczema

A

Common inflammatory condition characterized by papules, vesicles, and crusts not a disease itself but a symptom of an underlying condition
Can result from contact dermatitis

71
Q

What are some examples of chronic inflammatory disorders

A

Lupus erythematosus
Systemic sclerosis
Psoriasis

72
Q

Lupus erythematosus

A

Autoimmune disease of CT

Rough raised, violet tinted papules, usually on face and scalp only

73
Q

Systemic sclerosis

A

Scleroderma
Unknown cause, autoimmune disease of vessels and CT
Thickening of the skin
Severe cases: lack of facial expression

74
Q

Psoriasis

A

Chronic inflammatory condition accompanied by silvery scales
Genetic unknown cause autoimmune

Anatomy And Phy (7 decks)

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