Chapter 3 Flashcards
What are examples of free living cells
Protozoa and bacteria
What is the study of cells
Cytology (si-TOL-o-je)
What is the outer layer of the cell called
Plasma membrane or cell membrane
What does the mitochondria do
Enzymes with the mitochondria convert energy from nutrients into cellular energy in the form of ATP.
Power plants of the cell
What is ATP
Adenosine triphosphate.
What does the smooth ER do?
Involved with the synthesis of lipids
What sends proteins to the Golgi apparatus
The rough ER
What organelle consists of a stack of membranous stacks
Golgi apparatus
What contains digestive enzymes
Lysosomes
What do lysosomes do
Remove waste and foreign materials from the cell
Where are microvilli
Plasma membrane
What type of mixture is the cytoplasm
Colloid
Network of membranes within the cytoplasm.
Endoplasmic reticulum
Composed of RNA and protein
Ribosomes
What manufactures proteins
Ribosomes
Peroxisomes
Have enzymes that destroy harmful substances produced in metabolism
Rod shaped bodies near the nucleus that function in cell division. They help to organize the cell and divide the cell contents during this process
Centrioles
What effect does isotonic have on a cell?
None, cell in equilibrium with its environment.
Hypotonic
Has a lower concentration of dissolved substances then the fluid in the cell
Think hypo lower
Hypertonic
Has a higher concentration of dissolved substances then the fluid in the cell
Hyper-higher
What effect does hypertonic have on cells
Cell will lose water and shrink cell undergoes crenation
What effect does hypotonic have on cells
Cell takes in water swells and may burst red blood cell undergoes hemolysis
What is phagocytosis
Large particles are engulfed by the plasma membrane and moved into the cell. Material taken into a cell by phagocytosis is first enclosed in a vesicle made from the plasma membrane and is later destroyed by lysosomes
