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Anatomy And Phy > Review Of Chapters 1-4 > Flashcards

Review Of Chapters 1-4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 main tissue groups

A

Epithelial, connective,muscle, nervous

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2
Q

Squamous

A

Flat and irregular

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3
Q

Cuboidal

A

Square

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4
Q

Columnar

A

Lang and narrow

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5
Q

Simple

A

Single cell layer

Single cell layers allows materials to pass from one system to another

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6
Q

Stratified

A

Mulitiple cell layers

Multiple cell layers provide protection in areas subject to wear and tear

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7
Q

Pseudostratified

A

Appears multi layered but is not

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8
Q

Transitional

A

Capable of great expansion and returning to its original shape

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9
Q

Where could you find simple squamous cells

A

Capillary walls, lung alveoli

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10
Q

Where could you find complex squamous cells

A

Outer layer of skin, lining o mouth, throat, anus, vagina

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11
Q

Where could you find complex transitional cells

A

Lining of urinary bladder

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12
Q

Stratified cuboidal

A

Multilayered

Secretes water and ions

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13
Q

What epithelial tissue lines ducts of sweat gland

A

Stratified cuboidal

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14
Q

Which gland has a duct

A

Exocrine

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15
Q

Sweat glands, salivary, lacrimal are all examples of which type of gland?

A

Exocrine

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16
Q

Which gland is ductless

A

Endocrine

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17
Q

Which gland secrete hormones

A

Endocrine

Examples:adrenal, pituitary, thyroid

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18
Q

Which gland pours secretion into surrounding tissue fluid for the bloodstream to bring to target tissues?

A

Endocrine

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19
Q

What are different types of connective tissue

A

Circulating,generalized,loose,dense

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20
Q

What is an example of circulating connective tissue

A

Blood lymph

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21
Q

Function of generalized connective tissue

A

Provides support and protection

Tendons and ligaments

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22
Q

Where would you find adipose

A

Padding around organs and joints under skin. Loose connective tissue

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23
Q

Where would you find elastic cartilage

A

Larynx, epiglottis, outer ear

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24
Q

What is inside the bone

A

Nerve, blood vessels, osteoblasts, and bone marrow, in which blood cells are developed

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25
Q

What is a nerve

A

Bundle of nerve fibers held together with connective tissue

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26
Q

Do neuroglia transmit nerve impulses

A

No

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27
Q

What is a benign Tumor

A

A Tumor that does not invade other tissues or spread to other sites.
Can cause harm depending on size and location compress vital tissues

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28
Q

What is malignant Tumor

A

Spreads to neighbouring tissues or different parts of body “metastasis”
Glioma-cancer of support tissue of brain or spinal cord

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29
Q

What does superior mean

A

Above

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30
Q

What does inferior mean

A

Below

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31
Q

What does ventral anterior mean

A

Towards the front of the body

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32
Q

What does dorsal posterior mean

A

Towards the back of the body

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33
Q

What does medial mean

A

Close to the midline of the body

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34
Q

What does lateral mean

A

Away from the midline of the body

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35
Q

What does proximal mean

A

Close to a structured point of origin

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36
Q

What does distal mean

A

Farther from a structures point of origin

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37
Q

What does cranial mean

A

Closer to the skull

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38
Q

What does caudal mean

A

Closer to the bottom of the body

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39
Q

What are the two main cavities the body is divided into

A

Dorsal and ventral

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40
Q

What are the subdivisions of the dorsal cavity

A

Cranial and spinal

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41
Q

What are the two subdivisions separated by the diaphragm in the ventral cavity

A

Thoracic cavity, abdominopelvic cavity

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42
Q

What does the thoracic cavity consist of

A

Includes heart and lungs

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43
Q

What cavity does the pancreas and gallbladder belong too

A

Abdominal cavity

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44
Q

What is the order from smallest to largest of the body units

A

Atoms molecules, cell, tissue, organ,organ system

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45
Q

What is an electrolyte

A

Compounds that separate into ions when put in a solution

The term electrolyte is also used to refer to ions present in bodily fluids

46
Q

What are examples of electrolytes in body fluids

A

Sodium and potassium

47
Q

How does electrolytes play an important role in diagnosing diseases?

A

Because ions (electrolytes) are charged particles in your body’s fluid they conduct an electric current which we can measure a tissues activity

48
Q

How does a covalent bond form

A

When two atoms share electrons to complete their energy levels to become stable

49
Q

How does a ionic bond form

A

When one atom transfers electrons to another atom

50
Q

What is the difference between ionic bond and covalent

A

Ionic transfers electrons between atoms and covalent shares them

51
Q

A Ionic bonds usually have a weak bond and dissociate’s into solutions, True or false?

A

True

52
Q

Covalent bonds are have a strong bond and don’t usually dissociate into solutions, true or false?

A

True

53
Q

What is the difference between molecules and compounds?

A

A compound can be held together with an ionic or covalent bond while molecule is only a covalent.
Compounds also are always different atoms while a molecule could be two of the same atom

54
Q

What is a base

A

Substance that shifts the H+ balance against hydrogen also known as alkaline

55
Q

What is an acid

A

Substance that shifts the hydrogen balance in favour of hydrogen

56
Q

In a PH scale is 2 acidic or more alkaline?

A

Acidic

57
Q

If a solution has a high concentration of hydrogen ions is it more acidic or alkaline?

A

Acidic

58
Q

What is normal PH level of the bodies fluid?

A

Normal ranges between 7.35 to 7.45

59
Q

What is neutral on the PH scale

A

7

60
Q

What are buffers in the body?

A

Chemicals that prevent sharp changes in hydrogen concentration

61
Q

What are organic compounds?

A

Are compounds that characterize living things and contain carbon

62
Q

What are three main types of organic compounds

A

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins

63
Q

What are three types of carbohydrates?

A

Monosaccharides(glucose) disaccharides(ex: sucrose)

Poly-saccharides( many glucose ex:starch)

64
Q

What is the building block of carbohydrates?

A

Monosaccharides

65
Q

What are lipids made from?

A

Glycerol

66
Q

What are lipids in the body?

A

Fat

67
Q

What are two types of lipids?

A

Phospholipids

Cholesterol

68
Q

What do phospholipids make up, or where can you find them?

A

Cell membranes

69
Q

Is cholesterol a steroid?

A

Yes

70
Q

Is cholesterol found in all membranes?

A

Yes

71
Q

What are proteins?

A

Are the structural materials of the body, found in muscle, bone and connective tissue

72
Q

What elements do all proteins contain?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen

They may also contain sulfur or phosphorous

73
Q

What are the building blocks of proteins?

A

Amino acids

74
Q

What is an enzyme?

A

Proteins that accelerate chemical reactions

Essential in metabolism

75
Q

Which body cavity contains the diaghram?

A

The ventral cavity

76
Q

What do specialized groups of cells form?

A

Tissues

77
Q

What does your pancreas do and what system does it belong too?

A

Endocrine system. It regulates the level of sugar in your blood

78
Q

What does your parathyroid do?

A

Regulates calcium in the blood

79
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

A state of internal balance within the body

80
Q

What are the 3 stages of positive or negative feedback for homeostasis?

A

Sensor, control centre, and effector

81
Q

What is anabolism?

A

Reactions that build substance up ( from simple forms to complex)
Often requires ATP

82
Q

What are the two types of metabolism?

A

Catabolism and anabolism

83
Q

What type of metabolism is used to form ATP?

A

Catabolism

84
Q

What is the energy storing compound

A

ATP

85
Q

What element is present in all proteins?

A

Nitrogen

86
Q

What is an example of nucleus acids?

A

DNA an RNA

87
Q

What is pinocytosis?

A

Engulfing droplets of fluid

88
Q

What is endocytosis?

A

Movement of materials into the cell

89
Q

What is exocytosis?

A

Movement of materials out of the cell

90
Q

How many electrons does carbon have?

A

6

91
Q

A positively charged atom?

A

Cation

92
Q

A negatively charged atom?

A

Anion

93
Q

Cartilage is considered to be which of the following tissues?

A

Structural connective tissue

94
Q

Areoles tissue is what type?

A

Loose connective tissue

95
Q

What is the name of the connective tissue connecting a muscle to a bone?

A

Tendon

96
Q

What is an example of a serous membrane?

A

Pleura

97
Q

What is another term for Tumor?

A

Neoplasm

98
Q

What are two examples of bulk transport?

A

Endocytosis and exocytosis

99
Q

Sarcoma is what type of Tumor?

A

Malignant

100
Q

What is the term to describe underside of tongue?

A

Ventral

101
Q

What is the Golgi apparatus

A

Makes mucous and sorts things to be exported ( like a post office)

102
Q

Where does translation occur in the cell or protein synthesis?

A

RER

103
Q

What is a centriole

A

Rod shaped required for cell division

104
Q

Vesicle

A

Bubbles used to store and transport materials in and out of a cell

105
Q

What is the main differences between DNA RNA?

A

DNA: double stranded, neucliotides, adenine, thymine, cytosine guanine
RNA single strand adenine uracil cytosine guanine

106
Q

What are the stages of mitosis?

A

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

107
Q

Define stem cells

A

Unspecialized cells that become specialized cells

108
Q

What are the different types of stem cells?

A

Adult and embryonic

109
Q

What kind of connective tissue is cells in a liquid matrix.

A

Circulating

110
Q

What tissue can be areoles or adipose

A

Generalized connective tissue

111
Q

What are two examples of structural connective tissue?

A

Bone and cartilage

Anatomy And Phy (7 decks)

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