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Anatomy And Phy > Chapter 5 Disease And Disease Producing Substances > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Disease And Disease Producing Substances Flashcards

1
Q

Pathology pathophysiology

A

Study of disease

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2
Q

What is disease?

A

Abnormality of the structure or function of a part, organ, or system

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3
Q

What are the seven categories of disease?

A 
Infection
Degenerative disease 
Nutritional disorders
Metabolic disorders
Immune disorders
Neoplasms
Psychiatric disorders
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4
Q

Degenerative disease

A

Disorders that breakdown tissues in the body

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5
Q

Metabolic disorders

A

Include any disruption of cellular metabolism

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6
Q

Neoplasm

A

Refers to cancer and other types of tumors

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7
Q

Predisposing cause

A

A factor that is known to increase the probability that an individual will become ill
Some causes increase susceptibility to particular diseases

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8
Q

Idiopathic

A

Diseases of unknown origin

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9
Q

Latrogenic

A

Diseases due to adverse treatment effects

Example nausea from chemo

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10
Q

Epidemiology

A

The study of diseases in entire populations, includes the occurrence, distribution, and transmission of diseases

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11
Q

Incidence rate

A

Number of new cases within a population in a specific time frame population size

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12
Q

Prevalence rate

A

Number of cases within a population in a specific time frame

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13
Q

Mortality rate

A

Number of cases resulting in death in a specific time frame

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14
Q

Communicable

A

Can be transmitted from one person to another

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15
Q

Endemic

A

Disease found to a lesser extent but continuously

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16
Q

Pandemic

A

Prevalent throughout an entire country, continent, or global

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17
Q

Acute

A

Severe/short duration

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18
Q

Chronic

A

Less severe/long duration

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19
Q

Subacute

A

Between both

20
Q

Health promotion organizations

A

The WHO
Public health agency Canada (PHAC)
The CDC (centre for disease control of prevention)

21
Q

Parasites

A

Live on or within a host at their expense

22
Q

Host

A

An organism that houses a parasite

23
Q

Infection

A

Invasion by pathogens

Can be local or systemic

24
Q

Latent stage

A

No clinical signs are evident

25
Q

Incubation period

A

Time between exposure to the microorganisms and the onset of the signs or symptoms

26
Q

Prodromal period

A

Signs are nonspecific, but there are early signs enough where the person is aware of a change in the body

Examples fatigue, loss of appetite, or headaches

27
Q

Normal flora

A

Finely tuned ecosystem (live in balance)

Antibiotics can disrupt the balance of ecosystem

28
Q

Prions

A 
Composed solely of protein 
Even smaller than viruses 
Slow growing and hard to destroy 
Produces spongy degeneration of brain tissue 
Creutzfeldt jakob disease in humans 
Mad cow
29
Q

Fungi

A

Few are pathogenic

Reproduces by cell division or by the production of spores

30
Q

Types of fungi

A

Yeasts single-celled forms of fungi

Moods fuzzy filamentous multicellular forms of fungi

31
Q

Mycotic infections

A

Diseases caused by fungi

32
Q

Examples of mycotic infections?

A

Ring shaped rash ringworm

Tinea pedis ‘athletes foot’

Pneumonia

33
Q

Protozoa

A

Animal like single celled microbes found all over the world

34
Q

4 main types of Protozoa

A

Amebas, ciliates, flagellates, apicomplexans /sporozoa

35
Q

Examples of bacterial diseases

A

Bacterial pneumonia, anthrax, strep throat, urinary tract infection, syphilis

36
Q

Examples of viral diseases

A

Viral pneumonia, common cold, influenza, aids, west Nile

37
Q

Examples of fungal mycotic diseases

A

Oral thrush, aspergillosis(respiratory fungal infection)

38
Q

Examples of protozoal diseases

A

Amebic dysentery, African sleeping sickness, malaria, toxoplasmosis

39
Q

Types of sterilization

A

Autoclave, dry heat, chemical

40
Q

What are aseptic methods

A

Procedures that kill, remove, or prevent the growth of microbes

41
Q

Asepsis

A

A condition in which no pathogens are present

42
Q

Examples of disinfection

A

Chlorine compounds
Phenol compounds
Bactericide and germicide

43
Q

Antisepsis

A

Process in which pathogens are not necessarily killed but are prevented from multiplying to prevent infection

44
Q

Antiseptics

A

Are disinfectants that are safe to use on living tissues

Example: safe to use on skin

45
Q

Antimicrobial agents

A

Drugs used to kill or inhibit infectious microorganisms

Anatomy And Phy (7 decks)

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