Week 6 tests Flashcards by Abby Yaske

rapid acting insuling contraindications

if person has asthma or COPD

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rapid onset insulin: adverse effects

hypoglycemia, hypokalemia, Afrezza can cause acute bronchospasm

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short acting insulin: administration considerations

only insulin that can be given IV (monitor K+ closely); given with meals based on carbohydrate intake and pre-meal glucose levels

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short acting insulin: adverse effects

hypoglycemia, hypokalemia

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intermediate insulin: administration considerations

a. Cloudy liquid
b. roll vial/pen gently to resuspend before drawing up insulin
c. unopened vials in refrigerator until expiration date
d. open vials, unrefrigerated 28 days

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intermediate insulin: adverse effects

hypoglycemia, hypokalemia

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combination insulin (intermediate acting and rapid acting): administration considerations

administered 30 minutes before meals

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intermediate insuling adverse side effects

hypoglycemia, hypokalemia

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long acting insulin: administration considerations

no peak - constant concentration over 24 hours

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long acting insulin: adverse side effects

hypoglycemia, hypokalemia

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glucagon adverse reaction

can cause hyperglycemia

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general administration considerations for insulin

a. pen count to 5 before removing
b. always read label and know concentration
c. sliding scale

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hypothyroidism: neonatal (cretinism)

cognitive defects, short stature, maybe deaf/mute

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hypothyroidism: classic s/s

low metabolic rate, weight gain, cold extremities, constipation, reduced libido, menstrual irregularities, reduced mental acitivites

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hypothyroidism requires what

long term thyroid replacement

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hyperthyroidism: cause

often caused by pituitary or thyroid tumor

Grave’s Disease (autoimmune)

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hyperthyroidism: classic s/s

increase metabolic rate, excessive body heat, sweating, diarrhea, weight loss, tremors, increase HR, exophthalmos

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Thyroid hormones: T3 and T4

responsible for metabolism

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Thyroid hormones: calcitonin

Calcium regulation; released when serum Ca+ is high

- inhibiting the activity of osteoclasts
- decreasing Ca+ absorption in intestines

— increase calcium lost in urine

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thyroid hormone: PTH secretion

release of Ca+ from bones

- released when serum Ca+ is low

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inhaled corticosteriods can cause what

oral candidias and dry mouth – wash mouth to avoid thrush and wash mouth piece to avoid bacteria buildup

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cough suppressants are contraindicated in who?

people who have COPD

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When should ppl with emphysema use albuterol

when symptoms worsen

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for GI meds, what should we do with patients who have unexplained n/v

fluid electrolytes

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lactulose: what

laxative, used to eliminate ammonia in liver failure

lactulose adverse fx

patient loses fluid electrolytes and water

lactulose, how does it work

causes diarrhea, prevents ammonia absoption

metamucil downsides

fiber can get too thick and worse constipation -- must drink fluids

magnesium medications for GI: who is contraindicated

patients with renal failure

magnesium medications, what should we monitor for?

BUN, Creatinine, serum magnesium levels

what are examples of magnesium medications

milk of magnesia, antacids

immodium can cause what?

lethargy and respiratory depression because it has opioids.

meds that change pH of stomach do what?

decrease absorption

meds for constipation do what to the GI tract

decrease absorption and increase GI motility

anticholinergic drug CI

patients with glaucoma or prostate problems

why should we not give anticholinergics to patients with glaucoma

increased intra-occular pressure (dilates pupils) and blocks the exit of aqeus humor from draining

citropine

cardiac resesitation stimulant, increased CO, causes pupil dilation

citropine is what class of drug

anticholinergic

sulfonurea does what

stimulates beta cells to produce insulin

do not take sulfourea with that

thiazide diuretics or sulfa drugs

how does metformin work

stimulates cells to "like" insulin by increasing cells sensitivity to it

what can be used for PCOD

metformin

does metforming cause hyperglycemia

metformin FX

lactic acidosis, nephrotoxic

what do you do if you are taking metformin and you have to get a radiologic procedure done

stop taking 24-48 hours before you have to take contrast dye or else you can get lactic acidosis. push fluid if you need a diagnostic test

glypizide can cause what

hyperglycemia if taken with sulfa antibiotics

do not take HCTZ with what

ANY SULFA DRUGS

hemoglobin A1C should be what

less than 7%

fasting blood glucose should be what

less than 100

random blood glucose level should be

less than 130 (taken anytime after eating)

NSAID fx on BG

decrease BG | (decreases inflammation, decreases BG) because inflammation increased BG

what can increase BG

inflammation and stress

Syntharide (?) can cause what

increased metabolism, increase HR, cardiac arrythmias

what should you monitor with syntharide?

pulse

What is the only insulin that can be given IV

regular insulin (short acting) i think

how do glucocorticoids fx BG

increase blood glucose

changes in CSF due to ICP

pinkish due to erythrocytes, cloudy yellowish due to WBC

transtentorial herniation

cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, and midbrain are displaced downward resulting in pressure that affects blood flow and CFS, RAS and respiration

uncal herniation

uncus of temporal lobe is displaced downward. creates pressure on CN III, posterior cerebral artery and RAS

infratentorial (cerebellar or tonsillar) herniation

cerebral tonsils are pushed downward through the foramen magnum. this compresses the brainstem and vital centers leading to infarction and death

largest category of primary malignant tumors

gliomas

Pathophysiology of primary malignant brain tumors:

Usually no well-defined margins. Projections into adjacent tissue. Inflammation around tumor